Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (2D) drag coefficients compared with experimental data. Triangles: SST turbulence model; squares: Wilcox98 k-ω model. Lines without label are envelopes of experimental data from literature.

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (2D) lift coefficients compared with experimental and theoretical data from literature. Triangles: SST turbulence model; squares: Wilcox98 k-ω model.

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (2D) drag coefficients for the Wilcox98 k-ω model extended by the laminar to turbulent transition model of Wilcox. Filled squares: no transition model; filled triangles: transition model with default constants; open squares: transition model with constant α0* set to 3.5 times its default value.

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (2D) drag coefficients for empirical transition onset models applied in the framework of the “γ-ReΘ model, CFX-V-1.0”. Filled diamonds: experimental data of West and Apelt at the same freestream turbulence level as in the calculations; filled triangles: Langtry–Menter empirical correlation; filled squares: Abu Ghannam and Shaw empirical correlation; open triangles: Langtry–Menter empirical correlation on a grid refined by a factor of 2 in both directions; open squares: Langtry–Menter correlation with a grid refined by 4 in both directions.

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (2D) drag coefficient (top), lift coefficient (middle), and Strouhal number (bottom) with transition onset momentum Reynolds number set to a high constant value. Filled diamonds: experimental data at the same freestream turbulence level as in the calculations; filled triangles: coarse grid; filled squares: grid refined by 2.0 in both directions; open triangles: grid refined by 4.0 in both directions.

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (2D) drag coefficient (top), lift coefficient (middle), and Strouhal number (bottom) for the Langtry–Menter empirical transition onset correlation applied in the framework of the “γ-ReΘ model, CFX-V-1.0” with intermittency limited to values between 0.0 and 1.0. Filled diamonds: experimental data at the same freestream turbulence level as in the calculations; filled triangles: coarse grid; filled squares: grid refined by 2.0 in both directions.

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (3D) time series of drag coefficient at a Reynolds number of 2500 with the Wilcox98 model for transitional flows (constant α0* set to 3.5 times its default value)

Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Application of Models for Laminar to Turbulent Transition to Flow Around a Circular Cylinder J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2008;130(3):031301-031301-8. doi:10.1115/1.2937765 Figure Legend: Calculated (3D) time series of lift coefficients at a Reynolds number of 2500 with the Wilcox98 model for transitional flows (constant α0* set to 3.5 times its default value). First row: two cells per diameter in the z-direction; second row: four cells per diameter in the z-direction; third row: eight cells per diameter in the z-direction.