Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms

Primary Producers

Organisms that make their own food Carbon fixers Autotrophs

Prokaryotes

Simple cells No internal membranes No Organelles No Nucleus

Bacteria

Prokaryotic cells found in large numbers everywhere Main form of reproduction is mitosis

Heterotrophic Bacteria

Non-photosynthetic bacteria Mostly decomposers Found in sediment

Autotrophic Bacteria

Photosynthetic bacteria on the Earth’s surface Chemosynthetic bacteria near hydrothermal vents

Bloom

An explosion of growth & reproduction of a species due to optimum conditions

Blue-Green Algae

Phylum: Cyanophyta Cyanobacteria

Characteristics Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual reproduction

Distinguishing Prokaryotic, deposits CaCO3 (Stromatolites), top producer world-wide, blue-green pigment, helps cause red tides

Stromatilites

Calcium carbonate deposited by blue-green algae that build up on the ocean floor to make large mounds

Calcium carbonate deposits that build up on the ocean floor White cliffs of Dover

Algae

General term for any photosynthetic organisms that are not true plants

Red Tides

Condition when several organisms emit reddish toxins that cause fish kills

Protista

Single cellular eukaryotes & multi-cellular algae

Diatoms

Phylum: Crysophyta

Characteristics Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual

Distinguishing Eukaryotic, yellow-brown pigment, glass shell, (deposits silicon dioxide), top producer in temperate to polar zones

Dinoflagellates

Phylum: Pyrrhophyta

Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual Characteristics Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual

Distinguishing Eukaryotic, cellulose shell, 2 uneven flagella, bioluminescence, can live within other organisms, top producer in Tropics

Other PhotosyntheticProtists

Silicoflagellates, Coccolithophorids Cryptomonads

Heterotrophic or animal-like protists Protozoa Heterotrophic or animal-like protists

Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell Foraminiferans Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell

Protozoan with a glass shell Radiolarians Protozoan with a glass shell

Ciliates Protozoan with hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility

Pseudopodia False feet Oozing cytoplasm

Fine sediment on the ocean floor Ooze Fine sediment on the ocean floor

Calcareous Ooze Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate

Siliceous Ooze Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide

Diatomaceous Ooze Fine sediment from diatom shells

Foramaceous Ooze Fine sediment made from the shells of forams

Radiolarian Ooze Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells

Multi-cellular Algae: Seaweed

Parts of Seaweed

Thallus: entire structure Rhizoid: root-like struct. Stipe: stem-like structure Blade: leaf-like structure Pneumatocysts: air sacs

Types of Seaweed

Green Algae Red Algae Brown Algae

Green Algae Phylum: Chlorophyta Characteristics: mostly unicellular, bright green, small

Red Algae Phylum: Rhodophyta Characteristics: also small, red pigment, most species, some deposit CaCO3

Brown Algae Phylum: Phaeophyta Characteristics: True seaweed, most complex. Ex: Kelp

Sargasso Weed Floating seaweed Lacks rhizoid In Sargasso Sea

Seaweed Economics Food source Algin Carrageenan

Fungi

Lichens A symbiotic relationship between fungi & algae Encrusts rocks near sea shore

Marine Plants

Seagrasses

Eelgrass: Temperate Turtle grass: Tropical Manatee grass: Tropical Surf grass: Binds to rocks in the surf

Marsh Grasses

Spartina grass: found in the marshy area above the highest tides Cord grass or Spartina grass: found in the marshy area above the highest tides

Mangrove Trees

A tropical shrub-like tree that is salt tolerant, can colonize the surf zone, & has above ground root system