Chapter 7-2 Challenges of Urbanization Boston 1872 Chapter 7-2 Challenges of Urbanization What problems do you see here?

Objective To learn about: Around 1900, cities grow fast as immigrants settle there Cities face many problems b/c of rapid growth

It’s important because….. Although cities continue to face challenges today, things are much better than they were 120 years ago. When people and govts work together, we can make progress!!

Guess how kids do on the 1st test… Horribly!  Guess why? They don’t study….. How do you study?

Focus Q: Thurs., Oct. 3 Review 7-2 section summary. List and describe 3 challenges cities faced around 1900. Include 2 solutions

Focus Q: for DBQ What were solutions for housing problems?

Impact of Industrialization American Industrial Revolution Immigration rises…….. Urbanization: cities grow

Focus Question Oct. 12 We’re discussing the movement of people to cities today in class and the challenges those people faced. Would you prefer to live in the city or in the country? List some positives and negatives of both.

Focus Q: Oct. 8 See page 258 Define MELTING POT. How is American a good example of this? What are some example in this area?

Chapter Summary expectations  Always read, “Before You Read.” Highlight, circle, underline, use different colors. Do charts, Q’s assigned. 10 points—I reward effort and thinking.

List the 5 most important qualities your life-partner must possess. Focus Q: Monday, Oct. 7 List the 5 most important qualities your life-partner must possess.

***Growth of cities*** Define Urbanization. ***Growth of cities*** cities grow b/c factories provide many unskilled jobs much opportunity, support from other immigrants **b/c of the Industrial Revolution, immigration increased, cities grew**

Why do immigrants settle in the cities? **cities are the: cheapest and most convenient and have housing and jobs**

Define Americanization Movement designed to assimilate diff. cultures into the US culture….Turn them into “Americans” Sponsored by govt. and citizens Learn English, US History and govt., dress like us some don’t want to abandon their culture, traditions

Italian Immigrants Polish Immigrants Chinese immigrants

Think/Pair/Share Native born Americans are threatened by the millions of immigrants pouring into the US….. What do you think will be the impact/results of this?

Rural people are pushed to cities b/c… New technology makes farming more efficient, resulting in the loss of jobs for some farm workers, who move to cities. Escape racial violence, poverty, lack of voting rights—who’s this apply to?

What pulls them to the city? jobs

Housing Problems Crowded lack of ventilation and light What problems do you see on the next slide?

Housing Solutions **row house *save space by sharing walls* single family, working class housing, takes up less space—solution to overcrowding bathrooms, running H2O, indoor toilet

Housing Solutions Row houses are now called tenements after working class move out of row houses, immigrants move in Row houses are now called tenements 2-3 families per house Overcrowded, unsanitary

Row Houses saving space by sharing walls Boston’s South End

Housing Solutions Dumbbell tenements—solution to lack of ventilation, light 1879 NYC law—apartments must have a window in each room for ventilation and plumbing Garbage pick up is rare—throw garbage out the window—stinks, attracts animals So they board up the windows

Transportation Problems move lots of people w/in cities and in and out of cities need mass transportation,

Transportation Solutions will….. get people to work faster in and out of city faster EXPAND THE SIZE OF CITIES

Transportation Solutions *Cable car*—San Fran.—1873 *subways*—Boston—1897 Electric streetcar—Richmond, VA—1888 few paved roads—late 1800s asphalt is cheaper—used to pave roads

San Francisco with Alcatraz in the background

Richmond, VA Electric Streetcars, 1905

Water Problems lack of fresh water—sewage in H2O Diseases: cholera, typhoid fever

**Water Solutions** **chlorination (1893) Filtration** (1908) to deal w/ cholera and typhoid (from sewage in H2O) early 1900s, it’s still a problem

**Sanitation Problems** garbage dumped in streets manure in street sewage in open gutters factory pollution in air/H2O **list 2 sanitation problems**

Sanitation Solutions “scavengers”—hired to clean streets, outhouses, collect garbage—did poor job Sewer lines sanitation depts. (garbage men) huge challenge for cities

Ever seen this picture?

**Fire Problems** **wooden buildings candles for light Kerosene, coal for heat** lacked H2O to put out fires

Fire Solutions 1853 1st paid fire dept. Cincinnati 1874 automatic fire sprinklers building w/ brick, stone, concrete—safer by 1900, most have full-time fire depts

The Great Chicago Fire October 8–10, 1871 The fire burned for over 24 hours. • An estimated 300 people died. • 100,000 were left homeless. • More than 3 square miles of the city center was destroyed. • Property loss was estimated at $200 million. • 17,500 buildings were destroyed

The San Francisco Earthquake April 18, 1906 The quake lasted 28 seconds; fires burned for 4 days. • An estimated 1,000 people died. • Over 200,000 were left homeless. • Fire swept through 5 square miles of the city. • Property loss was estimated at $500 million. • 28,000 buildings were destroyed.

Crime Problems 1. pick pockets, thieves, con men scam immigrants and country folks

Crime Solutions 1. 1844—NYC 1st salaried police force most police depts. were small, couldn’t protect people

7-2 left side Divide your paper in third’s. Draw pictures that represent the 3 worst problems cities faced. Include solutions. Problems Solutions 1 2 3

Summarize On focus Q page 3 things you learned 1 simile Reminds me of……

video United Streaming: search New York Up-close: Immigration and the Industrial Revolution American History: Urban Growth in America, Chapter: Getting Out of the Slums: Immigrants Turning to a Life of Crime

After 7-2 Draw a continuum on the board: mostly bad……..mostly good. Have students come up and write their initials on the continuum to reflect their feelings.

Was industrialization mostly good or mostly bad for most Americans? After 7-2 Was industrialization mostly good or mostly bad for most Americans? Come to the board and make a mark on the continuum Initial below the mark

Was industrialization mostly good or mostly bad for most Americans? mostly mostly good bad _____________________//_____________________

After 7-1 Ask: What does this mean? Pick some initials, ask why they voted that way.

Quick Write If you were on the mostly positive side: 3 positives, 1 negative of industrialization. If you were on the mostly negative side: 3 negatives, 1 positive of industrialization. If you were in the middle: 2 pos/2 negs of industrialization.

Postcard from the Island (Ellis or Angel) You are going to CREATE A POST CARD to your relatives still in your homeland Your FRONT (top) must be decorated and ILLUSTRATE America at the time Have color and creativity The BACK (bottom) must include a LETTER HOME describing: Why you left home What the experience has been like thus far Problems you have experienced/are experiencing And thoughts about what the future holds for you in America

The back must include a letter home describing: Your front must be decorated and illustrate America at the time The back must include a letter home describing: Why you left home What the experience has been like thus far Problems you have experienced/are experiencing Feelings regarding the entire experience And thoughts about what the future holds for you in America