The linear Learning and teaching theory version PAGE 57 Dean and Professor Michael Hunter Schwartz

Construc- tivist Learning TheorY cognitive Learning Theories ADULT Learning Theory TEACHING Theory POTPOURRI

CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING THEORY

THE PURPOSE OF A LEARNING THEORY. To offer an explanation of how humans learn new skills, knowledge or values for the purpose of explaining observed results and to help teachers construct solutions to practical problems.

BASED ON THE ROOT OF THE WORD CONSTRUCTIVISM, THE GIST OF THE THEORY, I.E., STUDENTS LEARN WHEN _________________________. What is that students learn when they create (construct) their own understandings rather than merely told things? PIAGET

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THIS LEARNING THEORY AND THE SAYING “A GREAT TEACHER IS NOT A SAGE ON THE STAGE BUT, RATHER, A GUIDE ON THE SIDE.” What is students learn more when they are doing the intellectual work than when the professor is.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ACTIVITY THAT REFLECTS THE CONSTRUCTIVIST INSIGHT THAT STUDENTS LEARN BEST WHEN THEY NEGOTIATE MEANING WITH THEIR PEERS. Small group work. VYGOTSKY

WHY THIS THEORY SUPPORTS THE IDEA THAT CLINICAL EXPERIENCES AND COMPLEX SIMULATIONS ARE THE BEST WAY FOR STUDENTS TO LEARN SKILLS, AND VALUES. Students retain most from complex, authentic problems.

COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES

TERM USED FOR THE IDEA THAT STUDENTS CAN ONLY ATTEND TO A SMALL PORTION OF THE MANY STIMULI COMPETING FOR THEIR ATTENTION. Selective Attention

THE TWO TYPES OF MEMORY. Long-term memory and working (short-term) memory

THE TWO PROCESSES HUMANS USE TO MOVE INFORMATION AND SKILLS INTO AND OUT OF LONG-TERM MEMORY Encoding and retrieval

The Senses See, hear, feel, etc. AT LEAST ONE IMPLICATION FOR LAW TEACHING OF THE THEORY (DEPICTED BELOW). Response Generator The Senses See, hear, feel, etc. The Environment Selective Attention Need to capture their attention, active learning needed, time to allow encoding Encoding Long-Term Memory Working Memory Retrieval Forgotten

THE COGNITIVE THEORY THAT EXPLAINS THE ORGANIZATION OF CARD CATALOGS AND THE FOLDERS SYSTEMS USED BY COMPUTERS. Schema theory

ADULT LEARNING THEORY

THE TERM THAT IS THE ADULT-STUDENT EQUIVALENT OF THE TERM “PEDAGOGY.” What is andragogy?

AT LEAST ONE ASPECT OF CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY WITH WHICH ADULT LEARNING THEORY AGREES. Authentic learning is key

AN EXPLANATION OF WHY ADULT LEARNING THEORY SUGGESTS LAW TEACHERS SHOULD ARTICULATE AND PROVIDE LEARNING GOALS. Adult learners want to know why they are learning what they are learning

ACCORDING TO ADULT LEARNING THEORY (AND COGNITIVE THEORY), THE ROLE OF STUDENTS’ PRIOR KNOWLEDGE IN THE LEARNING PROCESS. Students learn new things by making connections between what they already know and what they are learning. Schema theory.

AN EXAMPLE OF HOW A LAW PROFESSOR MIGHT IMPLEMENT THE ADULT LEARNING THEORY IDEA THAT GIVING STUDENTS A ROLE IN CONSTRUCTING THE SYLLABUS IMPROVES LEARNING. Midterm or not and its weight, coverage among end-of-syllabus topics, teaching methods, etc.

TEACHING THEORY To offer an explanation of how humans learn new skills, knowledge or values for the purpose of explaining observed results and to help teachers construct solutions to practical problems.

THE TWO ASPECTS OF THE “HIGH EXPECTATIONS” TEACHING PRINCIPLE. Challenging tasks and need to communicate you believe students can live up to those expectations or students less inclined to try.

AT LEAST TWO OF THE MANY WAYS LAW TEACHERS CAN MANIFEST THE “RESPECT” TEACHING PRINCIPLE IN THEIR DAY-TO-DAY TEACHING. knowing names, knowing backgrounds, attributing ideas to students who asserted them, modeling respect of colleagues, students and staff

WHY, ACCORDING TO TEACHING THEORY, ENTHUSIASM IS AN IMPORTANT TEACHING PRINCIPLE. Makes students want to learn more about the subject to figure out why we are so excited plus role modeling.

AN ARGUMENT FOR WHY SOCRATIC-STYLE QUESTIONING (ALONE) DOES NOT EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT THE ACTIVE LEARNING PRINCIPLE CENTRAL TO TEACHING THEORY. Too many students do not play along in their heads. Doesn’t address most students misperceptions Examples of more active learning would include: small group problem solving, writing in response to a hypo/problem, completing a case comparison chart, peer feedback, discovery sequence instruction, etc.

NAME THE FOUR REMANING CORE PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING THEORY. Expertise, preparation (substance and method), variety, formative feedback

Application of Principles Presented Today POTPOURRI Application of Principles Presented Today To offer an explanation of how humans learn new skills, knowledge or values for the purpose of explaining observed results and to help teachers construct solutions to practical problems.

THE QUESTION STUDENTS ASK WHEN WE CALL ON THEM TO ANSWER A QUESTION THAT SHOWS A FAILURE OF STUDENTS’ SELECTIVE ATTENTION. What was the question?

ONE OF THE LEARNING THEORY EXPLANATIONS OF WHY I GAVE YOU AN OUTLINE TODAY. Schema theory and adult learning theory

THE THEORY THAT EXPLAINS WHY PROFESSOR VLADECK LINGERS TO ASK STUDENTS ABOUT THEMSELVES AND PROFESSOR LEVIT ASKS STUDENTS TO EMAIL HER SOMETHING PERSONAL ABOUT THEMSELVES. Adult learning theory-- adults want to be treated as individuals i.e., respect

THE EXPLANATION, BASED ON ANY OF THE THEORIES WE HAVE DISCUSSED, FOR WHY PROFESSORS BRYANT AND LEVINE DID NOT JUST GIVE A LECTURE TODAY. Active learning. Preparation.

AT LEAST ONE THING YOU ARE THINKING ABOUT DOING DIFFERENTLY BASED ON THIS SESSION.