Chapter 13 Macromolecules in Solution: Thermodynamics and Equilibria

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 13 Macromolecules in Solution: Thermodynamics and Equilibria 13.1 Fundamentals partial molar quantities partial specific quantities partial molar volume partial specific volume

Total volume of system

Chemical Potential (partial molar free energy) G = H –TS =E + PV -TS Gibbs-Duhem Eq.

  The Ideal and Nonideal Solutions Molar free energy of pure component Valid for

Entropy change in mixing from Chapter 2

1: solvent, 2: solute The chemical potential of the solvent should be reduced by adding solute

Virial coefficient

Protein aggregation Solute shape

13.2 Application of the Chemical Potential to Physical Equilibria Dialysis Equilibrium 1 2 At equilibrium, a(tot) = a(free) + a(bound)

Osmotic Pressure Pure Solvent Solvent + Solute

If the solution is very dilute, Osmotic pressure Y = b + a X

Y = b + a X