} C = 1 F = 2 P = 1 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2 F: # degrees of freedom C: # components P: # phases

} C = 1 F = 1 P = 2 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2

} C = 1 F = 0 P = 3 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2

} C = 1 F = -1 P = 4 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2

} C = 2 F = 3 P = 1 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2

} C = 2 F = 3 P = 1 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2 Composition xA

} C = 2 F = 3 P = 1 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2 Pressure 1 Temp. Composition xA

} C = 2 F = 3 P = 1 Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2 Pressure 3 allowed Temp. Composition xA

C = 2 Partial molar volume

Partial molar quantities

C = 2 Partial molar volume Gibbs-Duhem equation

Thermodynamics of mixing perfect gases/liquids

Thermodynamics of mixing liquids Ideal mixing (Raoult)

Thermodynamics of mixing liquids Non-ideal mixing

Temperature-composition diagrams GE >> 0 vapour GE = 0 liquid Non-ideal solutions GE < 0 GE << 0

Temperature-composition diagrams GE >> 0 Non-ideal solutions vapour GE = 0 liquid GE < 0 GE << 0