Classical period ( ) Characteristics of music in this period:

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Presentation transcript:

Classical period (1750-1820) Characteristics of music in this period: Graceful, detailed elaboration Light, flowing melodies Short, simple phrases Use of dance rhythms Variety and contrast were used Increased use of crescendo, decrescendo & sforzando Crescendo – gradually louder Decrescendo – gradually softer Sforzando – sudden, strong accent Frequent changes in mood

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Born in Austria Joined church choir at age 8 Learned to play the violin and keyboard instruments Friend/mentor of Mozart Taught Beethoven His most original ideas were in his string quartets and symphonies (definition – a large composition for orchestra, usually in 3 or 4 movements)

Haydn’s Music His symphonies & string quartets followed the pattern of the Classical era – the 1st & 4th mvmts. are fast, the 2nd is slow, and the 3rd is a minuet (a dance in 3,4 time) String Quartets were designed for amateur musicians His string quartets were considered “chamber music” Def. – “Ensemble instrumental music for up to about ten performers with typically one performer to a part” http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/ 4

Haydn’s Music String Quartet Opus 76, No. 3 is nicknamed “Emperor” because in the second movement, Haydn quotes the melody from his anthem, “God Save Emperor Francis.” The same melody is used for the German national anthem. 1st movement - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1gwtCA_gec 2nd movement - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTydqwnHqCQ German nat’l anthem - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhQwLeMcbRY German anthem is the same melody, accept played faster. 5

Haydn’s music Called the “Father of the Symphony” Possibly wrote 106 symphonies The 12 symphonies he wrote while visiting London were his greatest achievement in orchestral music. Some of them are known by nicknames – “Clock,” “Surprise,” “Drum Roll,” “Miracle,” “Farewell”