Draw and label a diagram to show how an enzyme works Draw and label a diagram to show how an enzyme works. Label the substrate, enzyme, active site Where are proteins made? Give some examples of proteins. What reaction does protease catalyse? Where does this reaction happen? What conditions does the enzyme work best in? 2.5 Proteins What reaction does lipase catalyse? Where does this reaction happen? What conditions does the enzyme work best in? What reaction does amylase catalyse? Where does this reaction happen? What conditions does the enzyme work best in? Why can enzymes not be killed? Why are enzymes used in baby foods? What are the advantages of using enzymes in washing powders? What is bile? Where is bile made? Where is bile stored? What two main factors can affect the rate at which an enzyme works? 1. 2. What are the disadvantages of using enzymes in washing powders What is bile’s job in relation to fats? . Explain why a biological detergent doesn’t work well at 60°C: and why it works slowly at 10oC: What is bile’s job in relation to the small intestine? Why is this important? Why are enzymes needed to produce slimming products?

2.5 Proteins Where are proteins made? At ribosomes in all body cells Give some examples of proteins. Keratin in nails and hair, melanin in skin pigment, haemoglobin in red blood cells, enzymes, mucous, cilia, gastric juices. Draw and label a diagram to show how an enzyme works. Label the substrate, enzyme, active site What reaction does protease catalyse? Proteins into amino acids Where is the enzyme secreted from? Stomach, pancreas and small intestine What conditions does the enzyme work best in? Strong acid – pH 2 2.5 Proteins What reaction does lipase catalyse? Fats into fatty acids and glycerol Where is the enzyme secreted from? Small intestine and pancreas What conditions does the enzyme work best in? Weak alkali – pH 8 What reaction does amylase catalyse? Starch into glucose Where is the enzyme secreted from? Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine What conditions does the enzyme work best in? Weak alkali – pH 8 Why can enzymes not be killed? Enzymes were never living to start with (never carried out MRS NERG), they are just strands of DNA / protein. Why are enzymes used in baby foods? Protease enzymes are used to pre-digest baby food so babies can get hold of more of the nutrients What are the advantages of using enzymes in washing powders? Lower temperatures used so less fossils fuels used to generate electricity and fewer carbon emissions produced. What is the protein bile? A strong alkali Where is bile made? In the liver Where is bile stored? In the gall bladder What two main factors can affect the rate at which an enzyme works? 1. pH 2. Temperature What are the disadvantages of using enzymes in washing powders May cause dermatitis May remove more of the colouring from clothes than non-biological powders. More expensive to produce. What is bile’s job in relation to fats? Breaks UP (emulsifies) large fats into smaller fat droplets to increase the surface area for the enzyme lipase to work on. . Explain why a biological detergent doesn’t work well at 60°C: Enzymes are denatured – don’t fit the active site of the substrate and why it works slowly at 10oC: Less kinetic energy so fewer collisions What is bile’s job in relation to the small intestine? Why is this important? Neutralises the stomach acid and makes chyme slightly alkali providing the optimum conditions for the small intestine enzymes to work at. Why are enzymes needed to produce slimming products? Carbohydrases are needed to turn starch into glucose. Isomerase is needed to turn glucose into fructose. As fructose is sweeter than glucose less is needed to give the same sweet taste, meaning fewer calories.