Structuring Arguments English 1301 Chapter 7 Structuring Arguments English 1301

Chapter 7 Things to Know for Your Mid-Term Deductive vs Inductive (pg 121) Classical Oration Latin Structure: exordium, narratio, partitio, confirmatio, refutatio, peroratio (pg 122) What did Rogers argue? (pg 126) What does Toulmin’s system acknowledge? (pg 130) What are the types of support? (pg 132) What is a warrant? (pg 133)

Deductive vs Inductive Inductive- piles up specific examples and draws conclusions from them. Deductive- sets out a general principal (the major premise of a syllogism) and applies it to a specific case (the minor premise) I order to reach a conclusion. Syllogism- a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on 2 or more prepositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

Deductive vs Inductive I get hives after eating ice cream. My mouth swells up when I eat cheese. Yogurt triggers my asthma Dairy products make me sick Dairy products make me sick. Ice cream is a dairy product. Ice cream makes me sick.

Going beyond deductive & inductive reasoning You also need to Define claims Explain the contexts in which you are offerenting Defend you assumptions Offer convincing evident Deal with those who disagree with you Etc.

Argument Structures The Classical Oration This is my preferred method because It is a strict formulated structure which is both easy to write, but it is also easy to grade.  Rogerian and Invitational Arguments Toulmin Argument

The Classical Oration (page 124) Exordium- attention grabber Narratio- thesis Partitio- background Confirmatio- your lines of argument Refutatio- alternate arguments Peroratio- summary and call to action Intro paragraph 2nd paragraph May be more than one paragraph Penultimate paragraph conclusion

The Classical Oration What to discuss in each section is listed on pages 124-125 I would say paragraph, but often in college essays, the intro, background, lines of argument, alternative arguments, & conclusions are not always one paragraph. Think of these as sections in your essay. Also, get past the idea that your intro needs to be short or that paragraphs can’t be long. In well- written college essays, often times intros and body paragraphs can be around a page long or even longer.

Example of Classical Oration The Declaration of Independence (pages 125-127)

Where is the rest of the chapter? We will look at Rogerian and Invitational Arguments and Toulmin Arguments after you have written in the classical oration structure for your summer reading.

Disability and the Media: Prescriptions for Change by Charles A Riley II How is this structured?