Chapter 11 Sec. 2 The Home Front

Review “Europe First” Strategy Battle of Stalingrad Invasion of North Africa Allied Bombing strategies Battle of Midway

How did the war Change America at home? So………. How did the war Change America at home?

People and Terms Vocabulary Terms Definitions A. Phillip Randolph Executive Order 8802 Bracero program Internment

People and Terms cont. Vocabulary Terms Definitions Korematsu v. United States 442nd Regimental Combat Team Rationing OWI Executive Order 9066

New Economic Opportunities American industry converted from peace time production to war time production TO meet wartime production quotas Governemnt and industries urged women to “do their part” Women made up 1/3 of the wartime workforce

Women Work for Victory Two new fields of work Heavy industry Secretarial and clerical ¾ of women working in war industries were married 60% were older than 35 years of age Children's lives Government spent $50 million building day care centers for children

African Americans Demand Fair Employment Out of 100,00 Americans working in the aircraft industry, on 240 were African Americans A. Phillip Randolph “We loyal Negro Americans citizens demand the right to work and fight for our country.” Executive Order 8802 Measure that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded with government money Established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce these requirements

Workers on the Move Wartime needs encouraged migration as people moved in search of work South lost residents in rural areas but gained 1 million people as a whole North Older industrial cities boomed

The Population Starts to Shift South and Southwest Became a growing cultural, social, economic, and political force Bracero program Bringing laborers from Mexico to work on American farms Several hundred thousand “braceros” migrated to the U.S. during the war

Migration Triggers Conflict Summer 1943 Detroit Michigan Conflict over the construction of housing for black workers drawn north to defense plants 100,00 whites and blacks broke into scattered fights at a city park 34 people killed June 1943 Los Angeles “Zoot Suit Riots” Off-duty sailors attacked Mexican “zooters”

A Challenge to Civil Liberties Federal Government began creating policies toward immigrants and aliens from the Axis nations All resident “enemy aliens” were required the register with the government

Aliens Face Restrictions German, Italian, and Japanese forced to leave the West Coast temporarily in winter 1942 Executive Order 9066 Designated certain areas as war zones from which anyone might be removed for any reason Germans and Italians taken off “threat” list Japanese face harsher treatment because: Racism, the smaller number of Japanese Americans, their lack of political influence, their isolation from other Americans

Japanese Americans Are Interned Internment Temporarily imprisonment of members of a specific group “The resettlement center is actually a jail-armed guards in towers with spotlights and deadly tommy guns, fifteen feet of barbed-wire fences, everyone confined to quarters of nine… What really hurts [is being called] ‘Japs.’ ‘Japs’ are the guys we are fighting.”

Japanese Americans Are Interned cont. Korematsu v. United States 1944 Supreme court upheld the governments wartime internment policy 422nd Regimental Combat Team Fought in the Italian campaign and became the most decorated military in American History 422nd helped counter the notion that Japanese Americans were not loyal citizens

Supporting the War Effort War cost = $330 billion National debt increased from $42 billion to $269 billion in six years How did the government raise funds 5% tax on all working Americans War bonds

The Government Manages the Economy Office of Price Administration Created by FDR Had authority to control wages and set maximum prices Rationing Limiting the amount f certain goods that civilians can buy Black market An illegal underground network for the sale of restricted goods

Media Boosts Morale Office of War Information (OWI) Worked closely wit the media to encourage support of the war effort Tried to spotlight common needs Minimize racial and economic divisions Downplay problem of poverty and crime Radio, print, and film industries reminded Americans that they were in a struggle between dictatorship and democracy

Now In Class……. Answer the questions as well as fill out the chart attached with this packet