Date of download: 12/23/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Strength, Stability, and Optimization of Pressure Vessels: Review of Selected Problems Appl. Mech. Rev. 2008;61(6):060801-060801-33. doi:10.1115/1.2978080 Figure Legend: (a) Photograph of internally pressurized torispherical head after buckling. (b) Side view of the aluminium torispherical head after it was pressurized to the plastic load level. (c) Photograph of a torispherical end closure manufactured from aluminum alloy after burst.