Jefferson, Madison & Monroe 1800-1824

Jefferson Republican Agrarianism Reduce the size of Government Room to grow Envisioned a nation of small farmers Expansion & self-reliance Reduce the size of Government Cut size of military Reduced staff size Idealistic

Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court gave a mixed ruling Judges could review laws for constitutionality Court couldn’t empower executive branch to act John Marshall (Federalist) Known as the Marshall Court-shapes American society through his rulings for 35 years.

Chief Justice John Marshall stated, Marbury v. Madison Chief Justice John Marshall stated, “The Constitution is either a superior paramount law, unchangeable by ordinary means, or it is on a level with ordinary legislative acts, and like other acts, is alterable when the legislature shall please to alter it.” What does this all mean?

Louisiana Purchase Strict vs. Loose Constructionists Jefferson’s need for land out weighed ideals Strict Constructionalists Loose Constructionalists Inclusion of Louisiana into the U.S. Blend of French and American (British) system

Foreign Policy Napoleonic Wars – 1800 -1815 Impressment – Americans taken off of ship by the British navy and forced into service of British Chesapeake & Leopard Incident 1807 Embargo Act Did not allow US ships to sail into foreign ports Hurt New England trading tremendously Non-intercourse Act – no trade w/Britain and France - 1808 Macon’s Bill No. 2 – reopened trade to all nations - 1810

Indian Policy Jefferson was a continuation of previous policy Treaties with Indian Nations Forced upon and dictated to independent Indian Nations Indian Resistance The Prophet – religious movement – reject American contact Tecumseh – created a pan-Indian military resistance movement – mainly in the Old Northwest William Henry Harrison – Governor of Indiana – gained notoriety for defeating Indian groups

War of 1812 War Hawks – Anti-British (mainly West & South) New England Merchants – “Mr. Madison’s War” British controlled the seas and blockaded American ports British attacked and burned Washington D.C. American were out matched by Britain and ill-prepared for war Battle of New Orleans – Jackson becomes national hero

Hartford Convention New England old Federalist stronghold Pro-British, Pro-Trade Discussed secession (create a new nation) Want protect themselves from influence from other regions

American System Promoted by Henry Clay (Westerner - TN) Aimed to improve economy and trade Three Major Points A protective tariff (to help infant industries) Bank (to stabilize the monetary system Internal Improvements – roads, canals

Era of Good Feelings 1817-1823 James Monroe’s presidency Included people from different regions in his administration Post-war economic boom Only one major political party Goodwill tour Monroe Doctrine

Panic of 1819 Western land boom was happening. Agricultural prices were going up. But after Napoleonic wars Europe get back to work Drop in demand for American food stuffs National Bank starts to restrict availability of credit Restricting ‘Wildcat’ banks ability to loan money on speculation Average Americans blame the National Bank Andrew Jackson runs on this issue Boom and Bust Cycles 20 year cycles

Andrew Jackson Interactions with the American System Banks Tariffs Internal Improvements