Manifest Destiny Mr. Hammill

Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 New intellectual and religious movements. Social reforms. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. Increase in American nationalism. Further westward expansion.

“Manifest Destiny” by John Gast, 1872 First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. The belief that America had the god given right to expand the U.S.’s borders from “sea to shining sea” by John Gast, 1872

Manifest Destiny: Video (1:51) Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Manifest Destiny: Video (1:51)

Louisiana Purchase 1803 Thomas Jefferson Doubled the size of the nation

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/lincolns/politics/es_shift.html

Missouri Compromise of 1820 Missouri enters as a slave state Maine enters as a free state Line between free and slave states set at 36º30’ latitude for states formed out of Louisiana Territory SIGNIFICANCE: The nation compromises! The nation will maintain a balance between free and slave states.

Settlers Headed to Oregon

The Oregon & Santa Fe Trail (1840s)

Overland Immigration to the West Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

The Doomed Donner Party CANNIBALISM ! ! Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! James Reed & Wife

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Texan Revolution.

Mexican-American War It all starts with Texas. At first Mexicans encourage American settlement. Conflicts over cultural issues, including slavery Americans who live there a rebellious bunch—start to talk of taking Texas as their own.

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston (1793-1863) Steven Austin (1793-1836)

Victory in Texas Santa Anna forced to sign Treaty. Texas becomes independent. Southern Americans want to bring Texas into the United States but cant because Northerners think they are trying to expand slavery .

Mormons Headed to Utah 1846-57 Joseph Smith established the Latter Day Saints (Mormons) in the Midwest In the Midwest, they experienced conflict because of social, political, and religious beliefs Brigham Young established The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved west to the Great Basin in Utah

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!" 1844 – Presidential Candidate James Polk supported the 54°, 40’ as boundary for annexation of Oregon Idea of manifest destiny Entrance of Texas as slave state, Oregon as free state "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!“ (northern border of Oregon Country) 1846 – Britain cedes Oregon Country to the U.S. Establish the 49th Parallel as the border between British Canada and the U.S. 1848 – U.S. portion of Oregon Country became Oregon Territory

The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight! http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/htallant/courses/his325/OREGON.gif

The Road to War Polk elected in 1844, many see as mandate for manifest destiny. Desire to acquire California—American settlers already living there. Conflicts with Mexico over American claims and boundary disputes.

The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845 Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-U border. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000. US would buy California at any price. REFUSED! . John Slidell

The Mexican War (1846-1848) 1846: Polk orders troops to march from the Nueces to the Rio Grande. Provoked Mexican Army into firing first Declaration of war despite those who asked for “spot resolutions” (Lincoln)

Divisions over War Southerners want war—will expand slavery Northerners oppose it for exact same reason --Anti-slavery groups take the lead

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico! Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000). MEXICO LOST HALF OF ITS TERRITORY IN ALL!

Legacies of Mexican-American War “Small war”—not many lives lost Gained a ton of land (increased size of US by 1/3) Prepared military and soldiers for Civil War Led to Mexican resentment Rearoused issue of slavery which would lead to Civil War WILMOT PROVISO

Manifest Destiny: Video (1:51) Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Manifest Destiny: Video (1:51)