Systems Foundation Standard 3: Systems 3.11 Compare healthcare delivery systems. Non-profit and for profit Government Non-profit

Healthcare Delivery Systems 9% of all jobs in America are in health care Employment in healthcare occupations is projected to grow 19 percent from 2014 to 2024 More than 200 different health careers

Healthcare Delivery Systems Medical model (Western medicine) assumes that illness and disease require treatment Moving toward a wellness model the prevention of disease and maintenance of well-being

Non-profit and For Profit Company created for purpose other than profit Tax exempt if purpose is: charity, religion, public safety, education, prevention of cruelty to children or animals Private receive most of their money from a few or one single donor Public receive donations from the general public

Non-profit and For Profit Owner(s) obtain money from the profits of the agency Subject to taxation Likely to offer more profitable medical services

Non-profit and For Profit Agencies Hospitals Ambulatory facilities Long-term care facilities Home health Medical and dental offices Mental health services

Hospitals Can be public or private Private hospitals can be for profit or non-profit Many different types and classifications General hospitals treat a wide variety of illnesses and ages

Hospitals The Joint Commission Formerly The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO); founded in 1951 Mission: To continuously improve health care for the public, in collaboration with other stakeholders, by evaluating health care organizations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality and value. Vision: All people always experience the safest, highest quality, best-value health care across all settings.

Specialty Hospitals Specific conditions, age groups, or other ways of grouping patients For example: Cancer hospitals Pediatric hospitals Psychiatric hospitals Rehabilitation centers

Ambulatory Facilities Also called outpatient services – they often provide diagnostic and treatment services that were previously performed in hospitals Surgical clinics; outpatient surgery Urgent care centers Outpatient clinics Optical centers Genetic counseling centers (fertility clinics)

Long Term Care Facilities Mainly care for elderly patients (residents) May also care for any individual with disabilities or handicaps Residential care Nursing Homes provide basic physical care

Long Term Care Facilities Extended care facilities provide skilled nursing care rehabilitation services Assisted living facilities Independent living provide basic services meals housekeeping basic medical care

Home Health Care Began in1885; a time when most of the seriously ill were cared for at home due to infectious diseases and high death rates 1955-1969; due to rising hospital costs, an increase in chronic illness and a rapidly growing elderly population, the home regained status as a less costly and more appropriate place for healthcare 1965; Medicare began to pay for some services quality of care

Home Health Care 1990-Present; caring for sick Americans at home has assumed a significant place in the health care delivery system Services are paid for by public and private insurance or directly by patients and their families Home care and hospice continue to be the preferred means of receiving quality health care services for nearly 5 million Americans

Home Health Care Today's home health care offers: nursing physical, occupational, respiratory, speech therapies counseling dietary laboratory dental optical Pharmacy podiatry x-ray medical equipment home medical supplies personal care

Medical and Dental Offices Vary from small (one doctor) to large complexes with multiple specialties and other healthcare professionals Some treat a wide variety of illnesses and conditions, others provide specialized services

Mental Health Services Counseling centers Psychiatric clinics and hospitals Chemical (drug and alcohol) abuse treatment centers Physical abuse treatment centers, dealing with child abuse, spouse abuse and elderly abuse

Hospice Provides palliative care to dying patients and their families Seeks to relieve symptoms but does not cure Involves healthcare professionals and volunteers Emphasis is to make patient’s last days as pain-free and meaningful as possible

Government Agencies Can be at local, state, national and international levels Services are tax supported Veterans Administration Hospital

Government Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) World Health Organization (WHO) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Public Health System (Health departments) Veterans Administration

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; CDC Concerned with cause, spread and control of disease, and other health and safety issues, in populations

Food and Drug Administration Federal agency; FDA Responsible for regulating food and drug products sold to the public

World Health Organization International agency; WHO Sponsored by the United Nations Compiles disease statistics, promotes healthy living, and investigates serious health problems throughout the world

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Part of the U.S. Department of Labor; OSHA Establishes and enforces standards that protect workers from job-related injuries and illnesses

Public Health System Part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Health Departments Provide services to states and local communities Examples of services Immunizations Environmental health and sanitation Collection of health statistics and records Health education Clinics for health care and prevention

Veterans Administration Federally supported; VA Hospitals and other services Care for veterans who served in the armed forces

Non-profit Agencies Also called voluntary agencies Most deal with specific diseases or groups of diseases They provide funding for research, promote education, and provide services for victims of disease. They also influence laws, create standards, and educate health professionals

March of Dimes Founded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938 He was a victim of paralytic poliomyelitis Initial goal of March of Dimes – care for polio victims, carry out research, develop vaccine Today – focus on preventing birth defects and reducing infant mortality

American Heart Association (AHA) Founded in 1915 by a group of cardiologists Mission is to reduce disability and death from cardiovascular disease and stroke Research, education and community programs

Systems Q & A Review Foundation Standard 3: Systems 3.11 Compare healthcare delivery systems. Non-profit and for profit Government Non-profit Q & A Review