The Thermal Transmittance properties of knitted fabric Jimmy Lam Institute of Textiles & Clothing

Learning Objectives Function of garment Definition of thermal transmittance Factors affecting thermal transmittance Experiment Conclusion

Function of Garment To preserve body heat loss in the cold weather and therefore the thermal transmittance properties of fabric is important

Definition

4. Main Sections of Computer CPU; Memory; Peripheral Interface 5. Input & output device Input: sensors on knitting machine; keyboards, light-pen; tapes and discs. Output : actuators on knitting machine, light; digital and graphic display; tapes and printer.

Read and Write Memory (RAM) 6. Memory: ROM and RAM Read only memory (ROM), non-voltaile, cannot be erased. Hold important program and is programmed in manufacturing. Others: PROM and EPROM Read and Write Memory (RAM) Is voltaile and data can be erased. Use to store data and programme during processing. Two types: Static RAM and Dynamic RAM

7) Knitting machine program and control Electronic machine eliminates all punch cards, chains, rack wheel, peg drum, element but which are expensive and bulky. Interactive computer graphics enable designer draws pictures and display on the screen. Colour can be added/changed immediately. Pattern can be rotated, stretch, mirror and scale. Designer can freely explore his/her ideas using the computer tools

Modern V-bed Knitting Machine Control

Machine Control The modern V-bed m/cs abandoned the pasteboard card control because: The electronic parts are cheaper to produce than the mechanical parts; Numerical is more accurate and very fast in response; Programs are easy to file or store; Easy to duplicate the programs

Two control methods Numerical and computer control Numerical Control They are the simple control for non-jacquard knitting. It contains a control panel with function keys and control knobs for data input. The major advantages is that no pasteboard card and hole punching is needed.

Computer Control Computer Control The numerical control is only good for simple knit collars, rib straps and body panels without pattern. Once individual needle selection is involved, computer control must be used. Modern electronic V-bed m/c has : Central Processing Unit: The brain of m/c control with data like pattern, machine control, economizer, pattern development. Keyboard : This is used for giving command or make modification. Tape/Floppy reader : The pattern and data input device Visual Display Unit : A monitor to display all information of the knitting machine.

Example :Shima Seika The modern electronic V-bed m/c (says, Shima Seika), divided the systems into 6 sections, namely Control tape; Pattern tape; Pattern development tape; Stitch tape; Economize tape; and Yarn carrier tape

Shima Seika Control System 1 Control tape Similar to punch card in mechanical machine, it is a one inch paper tape with 8 row holes. The tape is divided into block, one block is the same as one punch tape. 2. Pattern tape This sector contains all the pattern details. The design is normally created in a CAD system and is now transferred as a series of holes in the punch tape. The length of tape will depend on the pattern size, the longer the design, the longer will be the tape. 3. Pattern development tape This is to control the location of the pattern onto the fabric. It can be mirror the design or repeat the design horizontal/vertically etc. See Figure

Shima Seika Control System 4. Stitch tape This is used to control the stitch length (loop length) of the fabric. Modern V-bed m/c could have over 30 different setting in the memory for different material and structure design. 5. Economizer tape The economizer on the mechanical V-bed is to use the minimum number of pasteboard cards for sweater panel. For the electronic machine with computer control, the system can memorize all the repeat structure and sort out the necessary cards or blocks in the design automatically. 6. Yarn Carrier tape In cut and sewn panel, the yarn carriers are set at fixed places about 2 to 4 cm away from fabric selvedge. For fully fashioning panel (or intersia), the knitting width is changing all the time, the yarn carriers must stop in varies position. The stopping of yarn carriers is controlled by the computer which is either changes the location of the carrier stoppers on the rails or commands the cam carriage to release the working yarn carriers at specific location above the needle bed

Discussion Discuss the different between numerical and computer control system List out the five control systems found in Shima Seika Electronic knitting machine