DO NOW List any names of muscles that you may know and where they are located in the body. What bones would they attach to? What do you think would be the functions of our muscular system?

Muscular System

Objective 1- TLW identify the functions and structure of the bodies muscles.   A-Functions of Muscles 1. MOVEMENT 2. MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE 3. PRODUCTION OF BODY HEAT *Muscles also allow breathing help to pump blood throughout our body, and help the body to digest food.

MOVEMENT -Muscles produce movement by connecting to and moving our bones. -Muscles also move other organs and tissues within our body. - Muscles contract our eyes to see. - Muscles pump blood through our bodies. - Muscles help to digest food.

MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE -Bones support the body, but muscles help to keep us upright . -Muscles are continually contracting against your bones to keep your body upright against the pull of gravity.

PRODUCTION OF BODY HEAT   -Muscles use some of the energy they get from food to produce movement , but most of the energy is converted to heat . -The constant muscle contractions throughout the body produce a large amount of heat ; this helps to maintain the body’s normal temperature of 98.6.

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES

The 3 Types of Muscles 1) SKELETAL (ON YOUR BONES) Objective 2:TLW identify three types of muscles and their functions.—(Smooth, skeletal, cardiac)   The 3 Types of Muscles 1) SKELETAL (ON YOUR BONES) 2) SMOOTH (IN INTERNAL ORGANS) 3) CARDIAC (FORMS HEART WALLS)

Skeletal Muscle -Skeletal muscles are muscles that are attached to the bones of our skeleton.   -Skeletal muscles are responsible for all of the movements that you can control. * Voluntary Muscle - provides movement that you MUST control .

Smooth Muscle -Produce movement in internal organs. -Lines the walls of your blood vessels and helps control the flow of blood through your body. You do no think about these muscle movements. * Involuntary Muscle - provides movement without you thinking about it.

Cardiac Muscle -A type of involuntary muscle that forms the walls of your heart .   -Cardiac muscle works non-stop . At rest your heart beats about 60 to 80 _ times per minute. This is known as your resting heart rate .

Objective 3: TLW identify the various types of muscles and their functions. Objective 4: TLW describe the function of ligaments and tendons. C- How Muscles Work – Muscles contract and extend in response to nerve impulses. There are only 2 types of muscle actions : 1) Contraction- When the muscle gets shorter or bunches up . 2) Extension- When the muscle lengthens . *All skeletal movements are the result of muscles pulling on bones . Muscles are attached to the bones by tendons .

Tendon- A cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone .   Ligament- A cord of very flexible tissue that connects bone to a bone . MOVING MUSCLES -To move a bone, a muscle must cross over a joint . Many muscles cross   over two joints . -When a muscle contracts , it pulls one bone towards the other bone. -Muscles work in teams throughout the body. When one muscle contracts _, Its opposite relaxes . EX: Biceps & Triceps  When you pull your lower arm to your shoulder your biceps contract, while your triceps extend. When you straighten your arm the opposite occurs, your biceps extend and your triceps contract. http://www.kidsbiology.com/human_biology/muscles.php

Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Pg. 394 - 398 Tendons 14

Skeletal muscles work in pairs! Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Pg. 394 - 398 Muscle Movement Each muscle in the body is capable of ONLY 2 movements. Skeletal muscles work in pairs! Flexor Contraction Extensor Extension Muscle gets shorter; Bunches up Stretching of Muscle; returning to original shape 15

MUSCULAR DIAGRAMS

Objective 5: TLW identify ways to keep the muscular/skeletal system healthy. Objective 6:TLW analyze and describe problems and disorders of the muscular system.   Care of the Muscular System Regular physical activity is the best way to keep your muscles strong and healthy . ******Aerobic exercise, such as, biking , running , dancing , and skating is especially important for cardiac muscle, as well as every aspect of muscular health. *Aerobic Exercise- any exercise that gets your heart rate up.

Muscle Injuries & Disorders Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Pg. 394 - 398 Muscle Injuries & Disorders Atrophy: The deterioration of muscle. CAUSE Occurs in muscles that are not used, as when a limb is in a cast. Muscle decreases in size & strength 19

HOW MUCH CARDIO EXERCISE SHOULD YOU DO A DAY? Muscles that remain unused for a long time will * atrophy , or decrease in size and strength. * Muscle tone is the natural tension in the fibers of a muscle. HOW MUCH CARDIO EXERCISE SHOULD YOU DO A DAY? HOW MANY DAYS A WEEK? For most healthy adults, you should get at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity a week.

Problems of the Muscular System When exercising, the muscles work very hard and are often temporarily sore after strenuous activity. Other problems of the muscular system can be very serious and affect a person's overall health and lifestyle. Recovery time varies with the different kinds of injuries.

Cramp: Intense & prolonged muscle contraction causing pain. Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Pg. 394 - 398 Cramp: Intense & prolonged muscle contraction causing pain. CAUSE: overworked TREATMENT: massaging, stretching, K ↑. Strain: Muscle stretched or torn CAUSE: overworked, sudden force or pull. TREATMENT: R.I.C.E. PREVENTION: warm-up, stretch 22

Inflammation of the tendon. Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Pg. 394 - 398 Tendonitis Inflammation of the tendon. CAUSE overuse, injury, aging SIGNS Joint pain & Swelling TREATMENT Rest 23

Hernia An organ/tissue that pokes through an area of weak muscle. Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Hernia An organ/tissue that pokes through an area of weak muscle. CAUSE: Straining to lift heavy objects. TREATMENT : Surgery *Intervertebral disc bulges out pressing on nerve. Pg. 394 - 398 *Intestine pushes through abdominal Wall 24

Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Bruise Pg. 394 - 398 An area of discolored skin that appears after an injury causes the blood vessels beneath the skin to rupture and leak. CAUSE: forceful blow to the area. TREATMENT: Ice to reduce swelling. 25

Bruise

Mrs. Smith's Muscular System notes Pg. 394 - 398 Muscular Dystrophy - An hereditary disease that slowly destroys muscle tissue. - Gradually lose muscle control; may become unable to move. ►NO CURE w/ early detection, it can be delayed through exercise programs. Muscle Spasm - Occurs when a single muscle involuntarily contracts. 27

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DID YOU KNOW There are about 630 muscles in your body Muscles make up half of your body weight It takes more muscles to frown than to smile The thickest tendon in your body is right above your heel. Eating a high protein diet helps build strong muscles.