The Maldives: Accelerating Recovery and Reconstruction May 2006 Ministry of Planning and National Development

Background Information Vital Statistics Total number of islands 1,192 Number of inhabited islands:199 Population: 290,000 IMR: 21/1000 Life Expectancy: 71.4 yrs MMR 78/100,000 Literacy: 98.9% Net primary enrollment: 95% GDP growth rate over last ten years 7-9 % Main industries Tourism Fisheries

Vulnerability Indicators Highest elevation 1.5m above sea level 88 inhabited islands face perennial beach erosion Wide dispersal of population across very small islands Remoteness and inaccessibility of islands Extremely high economic dependence on tourism High import dependence High diseconomies of scale Lack of social security system

Level and geographical distribution of damages Waves up to 4 meters struck shortly after 9am. Only 9 islands escaped flooding Deaths: 82 Missing: 26 Injured: 1,313 Displaced and homeless on 26 Dec. 15,000 1/3 of population affected Infrastructure damage across the country Destroyed 62% of the value of GDP

Devastation (Social Infrastructure) Destruction of public utilities 79 islands with no safe water 26 islands with no electricity 188 islands with no contact for the first 11 hours Schools, clinics and pharmacies destroyed in over 50 islands 25% of islands severely damaged or destroyed 10% of islands totally destroyed

Devastation (Economic Infrastructure) Jetties and harbours damaged in over 45 islands 25% islands lost all their fishing boats, ruining their livelihood 32 tourist resorts not in operation – resort occupancy halved Agriculture destroyed Huge impact on the economy

Devastation (Economic Infrastructure) All social, economic and administrative infrastructure totally damaged in 13 evacuated islands Electric power generators damaged in more than 65 islands Waste management a challenge in all affected islands 19 tourist resorts and other industrial facilities damaged

Staggering Costs Total damage likely to reach billions of US dollars Over two decades of development destroyed: Economic growth rate averaged 6-8 per cent during the last decade decreased to negative growth.

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The Maldives: Accelerating Recovery and Reconstruction May 2006 Ministry of Planning and National Development

Milestones

Internally Displaced People Total IDPs 10,772 IDPs Returned 844 IDPs hosted in own damaged house 2,064 IDPs hosted in other's house 2,995 IDPs hosted in tents 50

Housing Repair and Reconstruction   Initial Estimates Completed Ongoing Not yet Started Repairs 5,169* 770 1,407 3,020 Reconstruction 2,879* 94 668 1,686 *Figures based on initial damage assessments. Actual reconstruction figures may vary with detail surveys and community needs.

Development of Landuse Plans Landuse plans are being currently developed for 11 islands

Harbour Repair & Reconstruction

Livelihoods Distribution of lost or damaged equipment and repair of fishing vessels carried out Work carried out to regenerate agricultural lands; provision of seeds and equipment Cash-for-work programmes, small grants and micro-credit schemes initiated to revive livelihoods Skill development programmes and special programmes focusing on reviving the livelihood of women being implemented

Health

Provision and Installation of Desalination Plants Water Provision and Installation of Desalination Plants Desalination plants provided to 33 islands Additional 20 islands planned with IFRC assistance Main donors –UNCEF, IFRC, Germany, Oxfam, Singapore, Kuwait Red Crescent, Violia Water Force (France), Universal Eneterprises (Maldives) Discussions ongoing with IFRC to support water distribution systems 16 people from 8 atolls trained Additional training programmes planned for 2006

Education Sector

Community Involvement IDP committees formed IDP register established Community consultations on; housing, relocation & formulation of Island Development Plans Programmes implemented to address social needs of communities and vulnerable groups including women and children (e.g. Establishment of Family Protection Units) Programmes to empower IDPs and their hosts in managing their own affairs

NRRP Origins The NRRP developed in March represented a summary of asset replacement needs in the aftermath of the tsunami. Initial estimates placed the cost of reconstruction at approximately $373m (later revised to $394m) This summary was presented to donors as a series of projects for each sector There has been excellent support to date from the int. community but more needs to be done. With UN support, the MPND has comprehensively reviewed the NRRP.

NRRP Update Current estimates suggests that there is a project funding gap of approximately $112m Funding is non-fungible – i.e. surpluses in one sector cannot be used to offset funding shortfalls in other sectors. Unmet needs will have to be folded into the first two years of the 7th NDP bearing in mind the budget constraints due to the economic losses suffered as a result of the tsunami.

Future Preparedness National Disaster Management Centre made a permanent institution Disaster Risk profiles prepared for the whole country using GIS tool Setting up of a national Early Warning System in progress 5 Emergency Operations Centers strengthened National Tourism Sector Disaster Management Plan developed National Disaster Management Plan being developed Safe Island programme; providing better physical protection including construction of multipurpose safe shelter and other infrastructure, and programmes for population consolidation

Main Functions of National Recovery Programme Recovery and Reconstruction Internally Displaced People Temporary Housing Housing and Infrastructure Repair Housing and Infrastructure Reconstruction Livelihood Revival

Donor Commitments (US$ Millions)

NRRP

Challenges Funding gap of US$ 112 million Lack of media attention Transport and logistical difficulties Rapid job creation and accelerated growth Sustain the momentum of reconstruction and recovery

From Tsunami To Safety In the immediate term it is important to sustain the momentum of reconstruction, and accelerate economic recovery, particularly key economic sectors of tourism and fisheries In the future it is important to enhance disaster preparedness and mitigation Both recovery and preparedness planning would help the Maldives to go from tsunami to safety

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