Goal: What legacy did the Chinese dynasty’s leave on Chinese history? Do Now: Matching Dowry ________ Medical treatment where needles are inserted in the skin Philosophy __________ Payment to a bride’s new husband Confucianism __________ A family of rulers; passed from father to son Dynasty __________ a system of ideas Acupuncture __________ Philosophy of ancient China that stressed relationships Acupuncture Dowry Dynasty Philosophy Confucianism Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Do Now: Matching

QIN/CH’IN DYNASTY 221-206 BCE First Chinese Empire Qin Shi Huangdi Great Wall Terra Cotta Soldiers Legalism, Daoism, Confucianism Burned Confucist writings and buried scholars Followed by Warring States period

Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Shi Huangdi Named himself the first emperor of China Came to power during the downfall of the Zhou Dynasty He was brutal, but China entered their classical age under his rule This set the standard for later Dynasties Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Do Now: Matching

Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Unification Shi Huangdi Abolished feudalism Created 36 military districts Sent inspectors to report back to him Forced noble families to live in the capital city, Xianyang Distributed land to peasents Taxes were high Standardized system of money, measurement, writing and language Built roads and canals Tortured and killed any one who opposed him Burned all books except those on medicine and agriculture Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Do Now: Matching

MAP OF THE GREAT WALL

GREAT WALL OF CHINA! Great Wall of China around 2,200 years ago in order to keep out the barbarian (The Huns) invasions. The Great Wall was made of bricks and plaster; it is about 25 feet high, up to 30 feet wide and 1500 miles long and connected from Lintao through the Yellow River to the Liaodong Peninsula It was stationed on the edges of mountains to prevent attacks. The emperor’s soldiers and generals forced about 1,000,000 people from their homes to work on the Great Wall of China. Alexander, 4th Grade Qin Dynasty collapses in 210 BC due to revolts, taxes, cruel policies, yet the wall remains to this day.

The Great Wall of China was built to keep the Mongols out.

Many died building it, and their bodies were used as filler for it.

View from space!

Primary Source Shi Huangdi built a monument with the following inscription: “A new age is inaugurated by the Emperor; Rule and measures are rectified, The myriad things set in order… And there is harmony between fathers and sons The Emperor in his sagacity, benevolence and justice He made all laws and principles manifest.” Sima Qian, quoted in Records of the Historian What philosophy influenced Sima Qian?

X’ian combines old & new China. The name means western capital.

Old X’ian city wall . This is where the Silk Road caravans started.

Three pits were discovered and each contained some Terra Cotta soldiers. The soldiers are life size. Their clothing and hair styles help us understand social class divisions in Qin China. A topknot indicates an officer. There are over 7,000 soldiers in total.

Life size horses of Terra Cotta

Honor Guards

The clay entrance ramp still has some workers footprints in it.

An honor guard formation

¾ size Bronze chariot

¾ size Bronze horses

Officers in front probably in a formation as if the Emperor was reviewing them.

Pit 1= 16,000 square meters

The well at the right is how the army was discovered The well at the right is how the army was discovered. In this pit were 6,000 soldiers in many small pieces.

Three farmers digging a well discovered these terra cotta figures below ground. They called in Chinese archaeologists who quickly uncovered the army and realized what this find meant. Legends had talked about it but everyone assumed it was just a story until 1974.

Today the surviving farmers are employed by the museum Today the surviving farmers are employed by the museum. In the summer, they sign autographs for tourists. They were only paid $500 for their land by the Chinese government so these jobs are also compensation for the finders for their honesty in reporting the find.

This is what the soldiers look like when they were discovered.

Qin battle formation Notice the broken soldiers at the top Qin battle formation Notice the broken soldiers at the top. This is how they look when first uncovered. They must be put back together piece by piece.

An officer and horses

Broken soldiers

Soldiers being reassembled

Soldiers with bundles of possible missing pieces behind them.

The reconstruction process- soldiers must be put back together and refired.

This pit is HUGE !

Soldier of Shi Huangdi This terra-cotta soldier is one of more than 8,000 that stand guard inside the tomb of Emperor Shi Huangdi. A farmer uncovered the tomb in 1974 while digging a well. How does the figure symbolize the power and authority of Shi Huangdi?

Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Terra-Cotta Soldiers Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Do Now: Matching

XIA-SHANG-ZHOU Existed concurrently Kingdoms Son of Heaven; Mandate of Heaven Jade Silk industry

Oracle Bones As part of worship, Shang asked ancestors for advice Sought advice through use of oracle bones Inscribed bits of animal bone, turtle shell Living person asked question of ancestor Hot piece of metal applied to oracle bone resulting in cracks on bone’s surface Specially trained priests interpreted meaning of cracks to learn answer

Shang Achievements & Decline Writing Development of Chinese writing closely tied to use of oracle bones Earliest examples of Chinese writing, questions written on bones themselves Early Shang texts used picture symbols to represent objects, ideas Bronze Shang religion led to great advances in working with bronze Highly decorative bronze vessels, objects created for religious rituals Also built huge structures like tombs; created calendar, first money systems End of Dynasty Shang ruled for more than 600 years, until about 1100 BC Ruling China’s growing population proved too much for Shang Armies from nearby tribe, Zhou, invaded, established new ruling dynasty

The Zhou Dynasty Beginning around 1100 BC, the Zhou rules China for several centuries. The Zhou dynasty is divided into two periods. During the Western Zhou, kings ruled from Xian in a peaceful period. Later conflict arose, kings moved east to Luoyang, beginning the Eastern Zhou period. When Zhou conquered Shang, leaders worried Chinese people would not accept them Introduced idea they ruled by Mandate of Heaven Gods would support just ruler, not allow anyone corrupt to hold power Government Zhou said Shang overthrown because they lost gods’ favor Later rulers used Mandate of Heaven to explain dynastic cycle, rise and fall of dynasties in China If dynasty lost power, it obviously had become corrupt Dynastic Cycle In that case, they said, it was the will of the gods that that dynasty be overthrown and a new one take power.

Zhou Achievements Growth Decline of the Zhou Before Zhou, Chinese metalwork done almost exclusively in bronze Zhou learned to use iron, became backbone of economy Iron was strong, could be cast more cheaply, quickly than bronze Iron weapons strengthened Zhou army, as did new weapons like catapult and creation of China’s first cavalry Population grew under Zhou Farmers learned new techniques, increased size of harvest, created food surpluses; cities also grew Roads, canals allowed better transportation, communication Introduced coins, use of chopsticks Growth Conflict arose during latter part of Zhou dynasty Clan leaders within China rose up against king As time passed, more and more local leaders turned against Zhou, further weakening rule Decline of the Zhou

Result of rebellions was Warring States Period Small States Fight Result of rebellions was Warring States Period 403 BC to 221 BC, number of small states fought each other for land, power Zhou still nominally in charge, but power almost nonexistent by mid-200s BC Qin, new dynasty, arose to bring end to Warring States Period, Zhou dynasty

Do Now: Fill in the Blank Goal: How did the Shang and Zhou Dynasties influence Chinese civilization? Do Now: Fill in the Blank 1. These Soldiers____________________ were buried with Emperor Shi Huangdi. 2. The oldest examples of Chinese writings are on ____________Bones. 3. To justify rebellion, Zhou Dynasty, promoted the idea of the __________________________. 4. The Mandate of Heaven was expanded to include the rise and fall of dynasties. This is known as the _________________________. Homework: Write a paragraph explaining how the Chinese civilization has influenced the world. Terra-Cotta Army Oracle Mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle

What are the problems of governing a large empire? Communication Different people Different languages Loyality to old rulers Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history? Do Now: Matching

How can a ruler govern a large empire to establish stability and prosperity? Use military force to add/control new territories. Divide territories into provinces w/ local governors Allow local self-government and tolerate local customs Encourage adoption of empire’s religion, language and culture Build roads and other communication channels.

Why is good government important in a large empire? Resentment leads to rebellion and may produce instability. It becomes easer to govern diverse cultures and populations Loyalty to empire and its leaders grows People identify with dominant culture, which promotes unity. The empire is unified, which makes expansion and control easier and promotes trade.