Biology: Genetics Unit (Chp 7) Pick up your journal Take a white worksheet Take a green vocab list (quiz next week) Ask your neighbor…”What did you do over Thanksgiving break?”

Warm Up Nov 27 & 28 Why do you look similar to your parents and/or relatives?

Evolution Unit Test Results If you scored below a 70% you may do corrections and retake the test. Deadline for corrections and retake is Dec.7th. Multiple Choice Average 1st Per – 80% 2nd Per – 81% 8th Per – 73% Free Response Average 1st Per – 74% 2nd Per – 82% 8th Per – 77%

Why does everyone look different from each other? Unit 3: Genetics! Why does everyone look different from each other?

Learning Targets I can define terms used in our genetics unit. I can predict how my traits were inherited.

Class Genetics Study Record your results as we go through the trials: Taster or non-taster Roller or non-roller Attached earlobes or free-hanging Hitchhiker's thumb or not L over R or R over L Mid-digital hair or none Right or left Freckles or none

Class Genetics Study Record Class Data—create a data table in your notes section. Taster or non-taster Roller or non-roller Attached earlobes or free-hanging Hitchhiker's thumb or not L over R or R over L Mid-digital hair or none Right or left Freckles or none

Class Genetics Study 1. Which traits that we studied are dominant? Which trait has the most people with that characteristic? Taster or non-taster Roller or non-roller Attached earlobes or free-hanging Hitchhiker's thumb or not L over R or R over L Mid-digital hair or none Right or left Freckles or none

Intro. to Genetics How do the genes you inherit make you “you”?

History of Genetics Gregor Mendel 1822-1884 “Father of genetics” Austrian monk who studied inheritance of physical traits in pea plants

Notes: Mendel’s Pea Plant Study Pea plants reproduce sexually- with male and female gametes Gametes = sperm (pollen) and eggs Peas can self-pollinate and be true-breeding True-breeding: short plants breed short plants and tall plants breed tall plants.

Mendel’s Pea Plant Study Mendel studied these traits

Notes: Mendel’s Crosses Mendel bred plants with different traits and studied the offspring. original parents are the P generation. offspring are the F1 (daughter/son) generation

Mendel’s Findings When crossing parent plants (P) with different traits, all F1 plants looked the same! When crossing F1 plants, three out of four offspring looked like the parents!

Notes: Two of Mendel’s Laws Law of Inheritance Traits are controlled by pairs of genes- with one gene coming from each parent These genes are called alleles Law of Dominance Some alleles are dominant and other are recessive. Dominant – physically expressed Recessive – present but not expressed

Notes: Key Terms Gene Allele Sections of DNA within chromosomes Are the units of heredity Allele Alternative genes for trait Example: Height (Tall or Short); Eyes (Brown or Blue); Cheeks (Dimple or No Dimple); Hair Line (Peak or Straight)

Notes: Dominant vs. Recessive Each gene has two possible alleles Dominant- always expressed Recessive- always hidden by a dominant allele. Example: Dimpled chin (cleft chin) is dominant D= dimpled d= non-dimpled Your two copies can be DD, Dd, or dd

Notes: Dominant vs. Recessive Genotype= the alleles that you have for a trait Phenotype= the physical expression of those alleles A person with a dimpled chin can have the genotype DD or Dd A person with a non-dimpled chin can only have the genotype dd

Notes: More Definitions Homozygous= two of same allele (DD or dd) Heterozygous= two different alleles (Dd- also called hybrid)

Back to Class Genetics Answer the rest of the questions on the worksheet now.

Genotypes: EE or Ee or ee 2. What are the possible genotypes of people with free earlobes, with dominant = E and recessive = e? Genotypes: EE or Ee or ee

3. What is/are the possible phenotypes of someone with the genotype “ee”? That person would have __________ earlobes because they have two recessive genes, there is not dominate allele to make the show the unattached earlobe trait.

4. If you have free earlobes (unattached) phenotype, how could you find out your genotype? You could list out all the possible genotypes: EE, Ee, and ee. If you have the dominant trait you have either EE or Ee. If one parent had attached earlobes you would know they have ee which means that you got one dominate from one parent and a recessive from another.

Yeast Lab Prep for next class. Complete the background reading and the 4 pre-lab questions (a,b,c,d). Be prepared to discuss these questions in class before we begin the investigation.