INDUSTRIALIZATION CHAPTER 3 1865-1901

Warm-up Define the following Gross National Product Laissez-Faire Entrepreneur Cause- natural resources Cause- large workforce United States becomes an industrial nation Cause- new inventions Cause- government’s relation to business, laissez-faire

Learning Goal I will discover the causes of US industrialization.

THE RISE OF INDUSTRY 3.1 Chapter 3 Section/Lesson 1 Essential Question: Why was the United States successful at industrialization?

Industrial Transformation After the Civil War, the United States were still largely agricultural. By 1920, the United States were the leading industrial power in the world. This enormous growth was due to 4 factors…

Factors of Industrialization Natural Resources Large Workforce New Inventions Government’s Relation to Business

A. Black Gold In 1959 Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil. This breakthrough started and oil boom in the Midwest and later Texas. The process was first used to extract kerosene, and the by-product gasoline was thrown out.

A. Abundance of Resources The United States had vast natural resources including timber, coal, iron, and copper. This meant that American companies could obtain resources cheaply and did not have to import from other countries.

B. Large Workforce Between 1860 and 1910, the population of the United States nearly tripled which provided a large workforce for industry. Population growth grew from two sources- large families and a flood of immigrants. Many Chinese and European immigrants moved to U.S. in search of a better life. Between 1870 and 1910, 17 million immigrants arrived in the United States.

BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880 C. New Inventions Oil was not the only valuable natural resource Coal and iron were plentiful within the U.S. When you removed the carbon from iron, the result was a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound – Steel The Bessemer process did just that (Henry Bessemer & William Kelly) BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880

BROOKLYN BRIDGE SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC NEW USES FOR STEEL The railroads, with thousands of miles of track, were the biggest customers for steel Other uses emerged: barbed wire, farm equipment, bridge construction (Brooklyn Bridge- 1883),and the first skyscrapers BROOKLYN BRIDGE SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC

ELECTRICITY 1876- Thomas Alva Edison established the world’s first research lab in New Jersey There Edison perfected the incandescent light bulb in 1880 Later he invented an entire system for producing and distributing electricity By 1890, electricity powered numerous machines EDISON

THE TYPEWRITER Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867 His invention forever affected office work and paperwork It also opened many new jobs for women 1870: Women made up less than 5% of workforce 1910: They made up 40%

D. Government’s Relation to Business Free enterprise system attracted many entrepreneurs to invest their capital into inventions and businesses. Laissez-faire ideology allowed people to invest freely without government interruption.