Chapter 19: The First World War Homework: Guided Reading: Ch 19.1-2 Imperialism and World War I Test [Monday 3/27]

I. Causes  MAIN M ilitarism—building large armies in case of war A lliances—give security - Triple Entente or Allies—France, Britain, Russia - Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire I mperialism—expand empires  competition N ationalism—devotion to own interests and cultures

II. Whose side to take? at first, most support neutrality  making $$$ off both sides many become divided - naturalized citizens - ties to British ancestry - stronger economic ties w/ Allies than w/ Central Powers US mobilizes to: 1. ensure Allied repayments of debt 2. prevent Ger threats to shipping

III. War Hits Home British blockade of Ger  angered US merchants Ger U-Boat response - counter-blockade of Britain u-boat sinks British ship [Lusitania] - 1,260 civilians killed  128 Americans US public opinion turns Pres Wilson warns Ger  temporary stop

IV. US Declares War Germany losing war  brings back unrestricted submarine warfare - 4 US ships sunk Zimmerman Note [Ger telegram Mex] intercepted by British spies - Ger offers Mex aid to get lands back - Mex must invade US Congress declares war [April 6, 1917]

I. Raising an Army Selective Service Act (May 1917) some volunteers, but not enough draft (conscription) males between 21-30 required to register - random lottery

II. Turning the Tide Convoy System used to combat German U-boat attacks US Navy escorted merchant ships - cut losses in half - set mines in N Atlantic to stop U-boats

Hazards of War Machine Gun Tank Poison Gas Airplane Shell Shock

B. Fighting “Over There” Gen John Pershing leads American Expeditionary Force (AEF) to Europe - determine own strategy German signs armistice on Nov 11, 1918

C. Selling the War (cost $35 billion) Progressive Tax: make more $  pay more $ Excise Tax: alcohol, tobacco, luxury goods, etc. “Liberty” and “Victory” bonds: public loans to gov’t paid back w/ interest Committee on Public Info: creates propaganda

Propaganda: spreading ideas to influence opinions Common Objectives of Wartime Propaganda 1. Recruit soldiers 2. Pay for war 3. Conserve Resources 4. Volunteer at Home/Organization Common Tools Used in Wartime Propaganda 1. Emotional Appeals: fear, guilt, sympathy, etc. 2. Patriotic Appeals 3. Catchy Slogans: memorable phrases 4. Humor or Caricatures: making fun of the enemy