The Policy-Making Process

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Presentation transcript:

The Policy-Making Process Chapter Seventeen The Policy-Making Process

Setting the Agenda The political agenda: deciding what to make policy about Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Scope of Government Action Government always gets larger People generally believe that government should continue to do what it is doing now Changes in attitudes and events tend to increase government activities Government growth cannot be attributed to one political party Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Costs, Benefits, and Policy Cost: any burden, monetary or non-monetary, that some people must, or expect, to bear from the policy Benefit: any satisfaction, monetary or non-monetary, that some people must, or expect, to receive from the policy Politics is a process of settling disputes over who benefits/pays and who ought to benefit/pay Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 17.1: A Way of Classifying and Explaining the Politics of Different Policy Issues Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Kinds of Politics Majoritarian politics: distributed benefits, distributed costs Interest group politics: concentrated benefits, concentrated costs Client politics: concentrated benefits, distributed costs Entrepreneurial politics: distributed benefits, concentrated costs Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Majoritarian Politics Example: Antitrust legislation in 1890s was vague with no specific enforcement agency Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Interest Group Politics Organized interest groups are powerful when regulatory policies confer benefits on one organized group and costs on another equally organized group Example: In 1935 labor unions sought government protection for their rights; business firms were in opposition Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Client Politics Example: National regulation of milk industry, sugar production, merchant shipping Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Entrepreneurial Politics Relies on entrepreneurs to galvanize public opinion and mobilize congressional support Example: In the 1960s and 1970s a large number of consumer and environmental protection statutes passed (e.g., Clean Air Act, Toxic Substance Control Act) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.