Warm Up “There is another late act of parliament, which appears to me to be unconstitutional, and … destructive to the liberty of these colonies … The parliament unquestionably possesses legal authority to regulate the trade of Great Britain, and all her colonies. I have looked over every statute [law] relating to these colonies, from their first settlement to this time; and I find every one of them founded on this principle, till the Stamp Act administration … All before, are calculated to regulate trade … The raising of revenue … was never intended … Never did the British parliament, [until the passage of the Stamp Act] think of imposing duties in America for the purpose of raising a revenue. [The Townshend Acts claim the authority] to impose duties on these colonies, not for the regulation of trade … but for the single purpose of levying money upon us.” 1765 – John Dickinson – Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania 1.) According to Dickinson, what taxes was Parliament justified in imposing on the colonies? 2.) Why did he object to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts?

Road to Independence: 1763-1776 The “ACTS” of War

Key Idea! What does the term “Taxation Without Representation” mean? 3) Warm Up!

4) Colonial Perspective “Acts” of War 4) Colonial Perspective The Navigation Acts (1673) Outlawed direct trade w/ anyone other than Britain Grenville Writs (1763-1767) Smugglers tried not by jury of peers, but British courts Writs of Assistance Illegal searches of people and property now legal Smuggled goods seized, smugglers jailed (no trial!) Sugar Act (1764) Taxed sugar and molasses imports The Stamp Act (1765) Tax on ALL printed materials The Declaratory Acts (1766) As part of British Empire, colonies subject to any and all laws and taxes placed by Parliament The Townshend Acts (1767) Taxed ALL imported goods Goods colonists couldn’t produce so had to import Glass, tea, paper, lead, etc. The Quartering Act (1767) Colonists required to house, feed, and supply British troops Without pay!!!

I was fair and impartial! The Boston Massacre 5) Your thoughts? Relations b/t ‘Red Coats’ & colonists grow very tense 5 March 1770 Red Coats in Boston Colonists yelling and throwing things @ them British soldiers panicked as crowd pushes toward them Red Coats fire into the crowd!!! 5 colonists die as result Soldiers put on trial in colonial courts Receive fair trial Found acted in self defense I was fair and impartial!

6.) How does the engraving tell a different story from the description of the Boston Massacre? On March 5, 1770, a crowd of Boston boys and men surrounded a number of British soldiers and began taunting and cursing them while they pelted them with snowballs. Order quickly broke down, and the frightened soldiers fired into the crowd. When the shooting ended, several people were dead and more were wounded. This engraving by Paul Revere, a leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty, was sent throughout the colonies in the following weeks to arouse anti-British feelings.

8.) Committee of Correspondence The Word Spreads 7.) Killings used as… Colonial leaders use killings to fuel stronger boycotts Told story of orderly crowd and bloodthirsty Red Coats Fuel to the fire March 1770- repeal Townshend Acts (except tea tax) Restores calm Prime Minister promises not to raise money by taxing Colonial radicals still think infringing on their rights 1772- Sam Adams creates Committee of Correspondence Used to organize protests and spread word of misdealings Brings colonists together 8.) Committee of Correspondence

A Crisis Over Tea!?! Few years of peace but… 9.) Goal of boycotts Few years of peace but… May 1773- tea tax left over from Townshend turns into “The Tea Act” British East India Company will now sell directly to colonists Bypasses colonial merchants Lose huge amounts of money Public protests soar Colonists boycott BEIC tea Sam Adams calls for boycott of ALL British goods!!! Large public mtgs. in Boston and Philly Vow to block unloading of BEIC tea Shipments to NYC, and Philly forced to turn back Shipment to Charles Town seized, but in Boston a showdown approaches Dun, dun, duh!!!

10.) Boston Tea Party results The Boston Tea Party 10.) Boston Tea Party results Massachusetts’ Royal Governor says Boston will take the tea Tells ship captain to prepare to unload Tension Grows Ship stays loaded in harbor for 2 weeks Samuel Adams leads crowds of angry colonists in protest 16 December 1773- Colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians board ship @ midnight In just 3 hours… They opened and destroyed every single chest of tea on the ship 342 chests dumped overboard Liberty Kids: Tea Party 21:36

TEA PARTY, TEA PARTY, YEAH!!! Edenton Tea Party On October 25, 1774 Mrs. Penelope Barker organized, at the home of Mrs. Elizabeth King, fifty-one women in Edenton, North Carolina. In response to the Tea Act of 1773 The women of Edenton signed an agreement saying they were “determined to give memorable proof of their patriotism” Together they formed an alliance wholeheartedly supporting the American cause against “taxation without representation.” One of the earliest organized women’s political actions in United States history. News of the Edenton Tea Party quickly reached Britain. During the 1770s, political resistance was common. But an organized women’s movement was not. So, the Edenton Tea Party shocked the Western world. Even though the Edenton Tea Party was ridiculed in England It was not taken seriously because it was led by women. It was praised in the colonies. The women of Edenton represented American frustrations with English monarchical rule and the need for American separation and independence. 11.) Significance?

The Intolerable Acts (1774) 12.) Coercive Acts - What are they? Other Name? Word spread throughout the colonies Colonists celebrated in the streets When word hits London… reaction was very different!!! British response is swift and severe Pass 4 very harsh laws in spring of 1774 Called the Coercive Acts by crown 1.) closes Boston harbor until tea paid for (no ship in or out) 2.) cancels the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s charter bans all public mtgs. w/o Governor permission 3.) law-breakers to be tried in London 4.) new Quartering Act instituted Plan was to isolate Boston from rest colonies Colonies stuck together sending food and provisions to Massachusetts Colonists rename them the Intolerable Acts!

13.) Exit Ticket: Primary Source Analyze the political cartoon. 1) What is the cartoon showing? 2) Explain the imagery (what is going on, explain each part and what it symbolizes). 13.) Exit Ticket: Primary Source