“Developing a National Identity” 1815-1860

Ch. 3.1 Notes “From Nationalism to Sectionalism” Ch. 3.1 DRQ Name the conflict that would eventually break out between the north and south and describe what it was about

A. The Rise of Nationalism Nationalism & domestic policy 1816 - James Monroe’s presidency “Era of Good Feelings” McCulloch v. Maryland National bank constitutional Nationalism & foreign policy The Adams-Onis Treaty Acquisition of Florida 1823 - Monroe Doctrine Western hemisphere off-limits 1820 - Missouri Compromise settlement and slavery Maine – free, Missouri – slave growth of sectionalism

B. The Age of Jackson 1828 – Jackson’s presidency 1830 - Indian Removal Act “Trail of Tears” The National Bank The 2nd Bank of the U.S. Jackson vetoes re-charter Conflict over states’ rights 1832 – Nullification Crisis 1833 – Clay’s Tariff Compromise

C. The Industrial North The Industrial Revolution Mid 1700’s to mid 1800’s James Watt - Steam engine The North Industrializes Samuel Slater – first factory Lowell textile mills Transportation/communication Roads, canals, railroads Telegraph – Samuel Morse

D. Cotton in the South 1793 - Cotton Gin - Eli Whitney Slavery Spreads increase of cotton production Slavery Spreads increased need for slave labor Differences in North v. South North – industrial/urban South – agricultural/rural

Ch. 3.2 Notes “A Push for Reform” DRQ 3.2 Describe three differences between the North and the South by the Mid-1800’s

E. Religion Sparks Reform The 2nd Great Awakening 1820’s/30’s – religious reform Followers – do God’s work The Reform Era Temperance – no alcohol Education reform Prison reform Dorothea Dix Transcendentalism Emerson and Thoreau

F. Early Immigration and Urban Reform Irish and Germans Immigrants Irish – poor, uneducated, cities German – money, educated, rural The Know-Nothings Nativism – anti-immigrant Reform in cities and industries Tenements – city slums factories, long hours, low wages The Labor Movement workers organize 10-hour movement

G. Women in the Reform Era Women reformers Reform rooted in 2nd Great Awakening Religious groups focus on reform The Seneca Falls Convention 1848 – New York First women’s rights convention Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments “All men and women are created equal”

H. The Abolition Movement Life as an enslaved person Plantation - field/domestic No rights – property Antislavery efforts in the South 1831 – Nat Turner’s Rebellion Deadliest in history Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman The abolition movement in the North William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglass Opposition to abolition Most southerners – no slaves Slavery – essential to cotton production

Ch. 3.3 Notes “Expansion Leads to Conflict” DRQ 3.3 Name three reform movements and describe what they were about

I. Manifest Destiny 1840’s-1850’s – migration West “Manifest Destiny” Belief of expansion to Pacific Major western trails Santa Fe, Oregon, Mormon The CA Gold Rush Sutter’s mill, 49ers 1850 - CA gains statehood Major effects of western migration Oregon Treaty – 49th parallel Communication links Pony Express, telegraph

J. Texas Independence Americans move into Texas The Texas Revolution 1823 - Stephen F. Austin Mexican independence The Texas Revolution Gen. Santa Anna The Alamo Americans slaughtered Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie “Remember the Alamo!” The Republic of Texas created

K. War with Mexico The annexation of Texas Sam Houston – 1st president argument over annexation 1845 – Texas joins Union 1846-1848 - causes of the Mexican-American War Pres. Polk – expansion Mexico denies purchase offer The Republic of California The Bear Flag Revolt Mexico City captured Results of the War Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase