NL Studies 2205 Ch. 3 – Influence of the Sea (Topics 3.1-3.2)

Topic 3.1: Settling in For nearly 300 years leading up to the 1800’s, the fishery in NL was a seasonal migratory activity. Europeans came to fish from early spring to late fall, returning each year to Europe. By 1815, the transatlantic migrations had almost ended.

By 1815, the migratory fishery was ending…and a resident fishery beginning…. Why? Britain was at war with France and America (1775-1815). Shipping was interfered with and therefore the movement of migratory workers and supplies. Because of the war, a lot of men were forced to join the Royal Navy. This created a labor shortage for the migratory fishery.

….more reasons British merchants were forced to pay more for labor and supplies because of the labor shortages so a resident fishery that did not depend on workers and supplies from Europe, required fewer ships and therefore made more economic sense…they could make more money from a resident fishery.

Incentives to stay Trapping Sealing Boatbuilding These industries provided a means of income during the winter months. The employment conditions in England and Ireland were worsening.

Andddd!!!! People were moving/had moved here just because they wanted to…not necessarily for a reason!!!

Fur Trapping -Supplemented fishermen’s income in winter months (mostly beaver, rabbit, fox, wolf) -Happened mostly North of Bonavista and especially in Labrador -The Hudson’s Bay Company established trade with the Innu and Inuit (European goods for furs)

Fur Trapping…. This encouraged English and Scottish settlement, and established a pattern of trade for many Innu and Inuit, which would permanently impact their cultures.

Topic 3.2: Those who settled What countries of Origin are represented in our region?

Where did most of our ancestors come from? -almost entirely from England and Ireland -settlement happened largely because merchants brought young men here on ships for work. There were few women and children in the early years. In other areas of North America, entire families tended to move to find a better life.

English Immigration There was a lot of labor in NL and much underemployment in England Some men found seasonal employment in the migratory fishery and then chose to stay here. Britain’s demand for fish increased, merchants recruited men for employment in the resident fishery in NL which required them to stay.

Push and Pull Factors Push Factors: low wages Boredom Poverty Adventure Good wages freedom

Main Reasons for Irish Immigration To escape hardship at home. There was little work on the irish countryside due to crop failures. Little work available in the town, so they migrated to NL.

Scottish Immigration Scotland and England formed the united kingdom and scottish firms traded with NL. Scots migrated to Labrador to work for the Hudson’s bay Company. Land in Cape Breton became scarce, thus they moved to NL southwest coast.

French Immigration French were one of the earliest participants in the migratory fishery, so they just stayed. Migrants from Saint-Pierre and Miquelon settled on the treaty shore. Acadian fishers and farmers, (from maratimes) came to NL and married with other french settlers and mi’kmaq

Lets look at some videos!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlEeQ7Uu9dg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xmqb4W2T0M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHB32ll7Ce8

What do you think? The mid 1800’s saw a great influx of people moving to NL. However, towards the late 1890’s, many people had moved to NS and USA.(Irish Decent) Why do you think this was so? - The economy had become challenged with a great influx of people - The Irish arrived later than the English. - Didn’t get the good fishing grounds.

Where does your surname come from? http://www.surnamefinder.com/ https://www.houseofnames.com/ 

Holy Names!!!! What do you know about the French's influence so far? Assignment Topic 3.2 – French Names Look at Page 194-197 in Books!