EUNAVFOR Lt Suzanne Lynch RNR Good Afternoon – I am Lt Suzanne Lynch and I am an member of the Royal Naval Reserves. I am current working for the European Union Naval Force – in support of Op ATALANTA and have been working in Djibouti since September 14 as part of the Support Element ATALANTA (SEA) . Concerned with the effect of Somali-based piracy and armed robbery at sea off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian ocean ie. impact on international trade and maritime security, and economic activities and security of countries in the region - EUNAVFOR is part of the EU’s comprehensive approach towards the Horn of Africa. Why HOA of interest to Europe – 95% of member states trade transported by sea and 20% of global trade passes through the Gulf of Aden Lt Suzanne Lynch RNR

Op ATALANTA Mission IAW UNSC Resolutions and International Law, Op ATALANTA (TF 465): Protects Deters Monitors Supports Launched in Dec 08 mandate has been extended until Dec 16. Protects : World Food Programme, African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and other vulnerable shipping So contributes to the protection of vessels of WFP and AMISOM - delivering food aid to displaced persons in Somalia AMISOM is an active, regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations in Somalia. It is mandated to support Somali governmental structures, implement a national security plan, train the Somali security forces, and to assist in creating a secure environment for the delivery of humanitarian aid. As part of its duties, AMISOM also supports the Somal National Government's forces in their battle against Al-Shabaab militants. Deters: Piracy and armed robbery in the Area of Operation – through escorting ships through the Internationally Recommended Transit Route Monitors: Contributes to the monitoring of fishing activities off the coast of Somalia Fishing activities, show no activity within 200 nm from the coast. The few who sin in this area do so with a "license" issued either by the Transitional Federal Government, or by a regional authority or clan. In most cases, a written authorization by one is not accepted by the other, which eventually leads to illegal fishing claims Supports: other EU missions and international organisations working to strengthen maritime security and capacity in the region.

Protect WFP AMISOM COORDINATION WITH WFP MISSION: Protect WFP and AMISOM shipping 2. Protect selected Humanitarian and other vulnerable shipping ACHIEVED THROUGH: Surface Ship+VPD 2. AVPD 3. AMISOM VPD DJIBOUTI BOSASSO BERBERA WFP, ROME NAIROBI OHQ FHQ COORDINATION WITH WFP MOGADISHU MOMBASA Our close cooperation with WFP and AMISOM ensures that no vessel transporting humanitarian aid (or logistics for the African Union Mission) will travel unprotected along the Somali coastline. WFP main routes - Mombasa / Dar Es Salaam  Mogadishu - Djibouti  Berbera / Bosaaso Key figures for 2009: 46 escorts performed for 61 boats, 370 000 tons of food delivered an average of 25,000 tons per month, 90% of food transported by sea, 2.8 million people affected by this issue of food (~ 50% of the population - more in some areas). When AMISOM it depends on: Regular replenishment variety of products ranging from food and water to ammunition and spare parts. WFP DAR ES SALAAM AMISOM

Deter and Disrupt IRTC MISSION: Disrupt piracy related ships at sea MISSION: Deter and Disrupt piracy and armed robbery in the AOO and, Where possible, arrest, detain and transfer persons who are suspected of having committed acts of piracy or armed robbery at sea in the AOO OTHER: Strengthen security within the main routes, with focus on IRTC and AOO. IRTC DETER Disrupt Logistic Dumps Ashore Disrupt piracy related ships at sea Disrupt Mother Ships at Anchor Area of Ops covers the Southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and a large part of the Indian Ocean including the Seychelles, Mauritius and Comoros. Of interest Area of Operation is about 2 million square nautical miles (3.7 Million square KM) - 1.5 times larger than northern Europe. EUNAVFOR warships conduct patrols in the Internationally Recommended Transit Corridor (IRTC) in the gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. Significant objective of Op ATALANTA is the deterrence and disruption of acts of piracy and armed robbery on the high sea – warships apprehend suspected pirates following intelligence reports of pirate activity or sightings by merchant vessels and MPRAs (maritime patrol recogniscous aircraft). When we locate suspicious vessels and investigation confirms suspicion – the pirate group will be disrupted, ie action taken in order to render a suspected group incapable of further operations. Suspected pirates maybe detained with the aim to transfer them to competent national authorities for prosecution. Their equipment is often confiscated for evidence. Naval assets regularly come ot the aid of vessels in distress, either due to a attack or an emergency situation at sea. IRTC – Internationally Recommended transit corridor FAN - DETER

Contribute MISSION: This task has been added it monitor the illegally fishing activity in Somalia waters. Somalia has accused nations to exploit their fishing grounds. TF 465 monitors and reports all fishing activity encountered. Contribute to monitoring of fishing activities – chart shows fishing activities identified by the TF 465

Smuggling – ie. Gasoline Supports Human Trafficking Smuggling – ie. Gasoline Supports all other EU missions and international organisations working to strengthen maritime security and capacity in the region This slide gives a brief impression of the other events that units meet in the region.? All smuggling activities are outside the EU mandate and can not therefore be taken into account.? Sea Emergencies that are encountered are of course supported by all units in the area. They do not need to be covered by a warrant. ? Much of the concern stems smuggling activities. Small boat with a very large number of refugees who met on their way normally Somalia to Yemen, but now instead of Yemen to Djibouti. If necessary units are trying to help these people by providing food, water, and medical and technical TF 508 and 151 form with the TF 465 the "Big Three". These working groups are the biggest contributors to the fight against piracy efforts. ? Although the missions of all the forces in the region are different (for example, they do not have to perform the mission escorts) from each other, all these forces are united in a common effort against piracy. Drug Trafficking Emergencies at Sea 6

Pirate Activity 2009-2014 2010 2012 2014   2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Suspicious Incidents 59 99 165 74 20 5 Attacks 117 127 151 30 7 2 Avoided Attacks 23 141 79 36 10 1 Pirated Ships 46 47 25 23500 ships transit annually through the Gulf of Aden 50% of the world containers pass through the Gulf of Aden 2009 The majority of acts of piracy are in the Gulf of Aden? 2010 hackers began to spread in the Indian Ocean? 2011 concentrated piracy in the northern Indian Ocean? 2012 I clearly significant reduction in the number of incidents piracy 2013? 2013 The number of pirated vessels or even attacks decreased? 2014 This image and these figures give you an idea about why the focus is on this part of the world and why it is necessary to focus on the Gulf of Aden to protect merchant ships during their transits. 23,500 vessels sailing in the Gulf of Aden each year:  65 boats / day about 50% of them are "of interest" European 2009 The majority of acts of piracy are in the Gulf of Aden? 2010 hackers began to spread in the Indian Ocean? 2011 concentrated piracy in the northern Indian Ocean? 2012 I clearly significant reduction in the number of incidents Piracy 2013? 2013 The number of pirated vessels or even attacks decreased? 2014 This slide shows how pirates operating range has expanded over the years.? Especially in the course of 2009 we see a very strong expansion. Bearing in mind that the coordinated efforts of fight against piracy began in 2008, which shows the ability of pirates to adapt their tactics. In this case they started using tankers to increase the range of the attacks.? The EU has reacted to this development by expanding the area of ​​operations, as shown on the slide. <Click>? Here dl'opération area until September 2010 <click> and here's wide area afterwards.? The future will show if hackers continue to develop. Nearly six years later, ATALANTE present a decidedly positive. The ship escorts to the World Food Programme (WFP) and the AMISOM2, originally of the operation, continue to be performed successfully and cheaply thanks to the deployment since January 2012 of Autonomous Embedded Protection Teams. In parallel, the phenomenon of Somali piracy seems sustainable content. Over the last twelve months, the trend started by the end of 2011 was confirmed and the number of piracy incidents returned to a level below that of 2006. During his tenure, ATALANTE will have achieved 44% pirate groups of interceptions by naval forces in the area. The success rate of pirate attacks in the area will be increased from 39% in 2009 to 0% since the last attack of May 2012 (merchant ship SMYRNI).

Capacity Building EU CAP NESTOR EUCAP NESTOR is a civilian mission with military expertise designed to support regional maritime capacity building. EUCAP NESTOR part of comprehensive apporach to tackling current symptons and root causes - is a regional training mission, which aims to strengthen maritime capacities in eight countries in the Horn of Africa and the Western Indian Ocean. EUCAP NESTOR is an element in the EU's approach to education because it allows synergies between military and civilian capabilities. With such tools at its disposal, the EU is in a unique position to contribute to international efforts. The EU NAVFOR however, is only part of the approach, combating both the symptoms and the evil at its root. In this regard, other missions, implemented in the region, converging vocations: EU CAP Nestor EU Training Mission Somalia (EUTM Somalia)

Contributing Nations Participation in EUNAVFOR goes beyond the member states. Norway first non EU country to provide a warship in 2009. Thereafter, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine have provided staff officers to the Operational HQ and Force HW Ukraine contributed a warship in 2014 and New Zealand contributed an MPRA asset later the same year OHQ – Northwood London (UK’s main contribution to Op ATALANTA – as opposed to ships. MPRA flt - 122 people FHQ board of 31 people – Dutch Amphibious Ship Johan De Witt 3-7 vessels 2-4 maritime patrol aircraft 1-2 onboard protection teams Support Element in Djibouti 7 liaison officers – Seychelles, Kenya, CAP NESTORS, SEA OIC, BAHRAIN, The ATALANTA consists of an operational headquarters at Northwood state composed of 122 staff from 20 different nations, Participation goes beyond the EU Member States: ?? Norway was the first non-EU countries to contribute to the operation ?? Croatia and Ukraine have provided staff at the headquarters of the. operation. ?? in addition, the contributions of Montenegro and Serbia have been accepted. The participation of Colombia is also being finalized

Command Structure Council of the European Union Political & Security Committee EU Military Committee Operation Commander (OHQ Northwood, UK) EU Military Staff (Brussels, BE) Support Element Atalanta (SEA) Djibouti Force Commander (FHQ PO afloat) CTF 465 OHQ – Northwood London – 122 personnel (UK’s main contribution to Op ATALANTA – as opposed to ships. MPRA flt - 122 people The composition of EUNAVFOR changes constantly due ot the frequent rotation of units and varies according to the monsoon seasons in the Indian Ocean. However – it typically consists of FHQ board of 31 people – Dutch Amphibious Ship Johan De Witt 3-7 vessels 2-4 maritime patrol aircraft 1-2 onboard protection teams (AVPD/VPD – vessel protection detachment) Support Element in Djibouti 7 liaison officers – Seychelles, Kenya, CAP NESTORS, SEA OIC, BAHRAIN, The ATALANTA consists of an operational headquarters at Northwood state composed of 122 staff from 20 different nations, Cette diapositive vous montre la chaîne de commandement Vous pouvez voir le lien entre les structures politiques et militaires de commandement ainsi que leur hiérarchie. Il y a une hiérarchie très plate – je veux dire par là qu'il n’y a que quelques niveaux de commandement par rapport à une structure OTAN par exemple. Les grands avantages de cette strucutre resident dans le processus de prise de décision qui est très court et le lien étroit qu’il existe entre tous les niveaux de commandement. Surface units MPRAs 10

FHQ Assets Maritime Patrol Aircraft Surface Units AVPD FHQ **embarked HNLMS JOHAN DE WITT ESPS INFANTA CRISTINA FGS BAYERN ESPS RAYO ITA GRECALE FHQ ** embarked ESPS GALICIA INCHOP 5 May FS ADROIT INCHOP 30 March Bientôt rejoint par le BERLIN, le HESSEN (allemand) et l’ADROIT et bien sur le DIXMUDE pendant 3 jours Financial contributions – assets and personnel are provided by the contributing states and there is an exercise common costs (travel, IT, Comms and cost of medical evavuations) of 7.35 million euros for 2015 and 2016. Maritime Patrol Aircraft JESTER COTOS Surface Units AVPD AVPD HO/TO CROAT to SERB 7 Apr WFP MV DURO

SEA – Command Structure OIC OF4 -French Navy LO NESTOR (OF3 – Royal Navy) XO OF3 -French Navy Command Structure J1/4 OF2 – Royal Navy J2 OR9 – Italian Air J8 OF2 -Spanish Navy J4 OR4 – Royal Navy J6 OR4 – Royal Navy 12

Operations Future ? Maintain an operational mandate (financing and employment legality) Maintain a limited level of piracy Reduce operational engagement Preserve the achievements of the operation Save developed tools and practices We have reached a tolerable level of piracy Operation Atalanta has achieved its military objectives. In order to perpetuate the current situation, the choice can not simply be between the continuation of the operation in its current forma and the total disappearance of what has been put in place. One goal is to avoid French total disengagement leaving other members laurels operational success while as I showed you France was the biggest contributors. The future atalante through the preservation From the EUNAVFOR in a different form while putting an end to Atalanta. This new form will in my opinion Maintain an operational mandate to allow the deployment of European naval assets maintain a limited level of piracy (for regular attendance, monitoring activities and coordination of efforts);  reduce operational engagement (limiting not only deploying naval assets but removing the staffs in place);  preserve the gains (political, diplomatic, legal and tactical particular) of the operation. Like, transfer agreements and Transit Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) that can be kept in the state. The secure communication system ACMN of EU NAVFOR databases on Piracy The maritime activity monitoring system in the Indian Ocean. The Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa (MSCHOA), which has become the main maritime security center for the Horn of Africa.

Capabilities – Feb PMC EUNAVFOR UK TOTAL PAX 192 17 209 MAIL (Kg) 50 1,125 1,175 CARGO (Kg) 26,000 3,500 29,500 EUNAVFOR ASSETS DJI DCOM 9 – 13 Feb ANDO 11 - 13 Feb OHQ CJ6 9 - 13/15 Feb DWIT 11 – 13 Feb FHQ STAFF 9 - 13 Feb Spanish Mil Flt 20 Feb LUBE 9 – 11 Feb RAYO 21 – 28 Feb BAYN RAYO (HELO) 21 – 28 FEB (BA 188) UK NATIONAL INTEREST DJI KENT (LYNX) 5 – 10 Feb 10 PAX – BA188 KENT Very small team Limited assets ashore But we do deliver!

Challenges Limited assets Effective Communications Effective partnerships Working with non military organisations

Questions? "We are not pirates, we are fishermen…" "You are under arrest on suspicion of piracy." "We are not pirates, we are fishermen…" "So why do you have these long ladders?" "…er… we are deep sea fishermen…" 1 2