Commonly known as: Fats Oils Waxes Sterols like cholesterol 3rd Organic Molecule: Lipids Commonly known as: Fats Oils Waxes Sterols like cholesterol

1. Organic Compounds Function of a lipid: Lipids are: Made up of carbon-hydrogen bonds Feels waxy or oily to the touch Function of a lipid: Long term stored energy -stored in our adipose tissue 9/11/2018

The Number Of Fat Cells Remains Constant In All Body Types The number of fat cells in a person's body is determined during childhood and stays constant throughout a persons life, with about 10 percent of fat cells dying and being replaced annually The Number Of Fat Cells Remains Constant In All Body Types 9/11/2018

b. Main component of our cell membranes c. Insulates our body Protects our major organs e. Transports certain types of vitamins and hormones around our body/ acts as a chemical messenger. 9/11/2018

Same set of elements found in carbs Lipids are made up of: C , H and O Same set of elements found in carbs ……unused carbs get stored as body fat. 9/11/2018

Like carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are made up of repeating units Like carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are made up of repeating units. The repeating units in lipids are called: -Triglycerides “3” 1 lipid is made up of: 1 glycerol molecule 3 fatty acid molecules 9/11/2018

Many bonds need to be broken during digestion to release the stored energy. -need to add: water and enzymes “lipase” H2O Lipds are then broken down by the process “Hydrolysis” 9/11/2018

Lipids contain more energy per gram than any other food source…very calorie loaded 9/11/2018

Carbs vs Lipids 10 grams of sugar (carb) = 39 calories 10 grams of butter (lipid) = 72 calories 10 grams of chicken (protein) = 10 cal 9/11/2018

Types of lipids: FATS a. Are solid at room temperature Lard Butter Meat Egg yolks Milk Types of lipids: FATS a. Are solid at room temperature b. Found in animal products Examples: 9/11/2018

c. Known as “saturated” fats -unhealthy because they contain: -heart unhealthy“cholesterol” 9/11/2018

Normally liquid at room temperature Found in plant products 2. OILS Normally liquid at room temperature Found in plant products Margarine Vegetable Oils Nuts Olives Examples: 9/11/2018

Known as “unsaturated” fats/lipids -contains same amount of calories as saturated but are more healthier for you because they do not contain cholesterol. 9/11/2018

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a. Found in plants and animals b. Form of protection Waxes a. Found in plants and animals b. Form of protection -covers all major organs c. Waterproof structures Cuticle on leaves Earwax 9/11/2018

a. Used to create our cell membranes. Phospholipids a. Used to create our cell membranes. 9/11/2018

Steroids a. 1000 units are formed naturally each day in our body. Should have no more than 1300 units per day. b. The rest of the steroids comes from the food we eat……which contain cholesterol (type of steroid). 9/11/2018

Normal level of cholesterol: -produced by all animals, including humans. -is needed for many bodily functions and serves to insulate nerve fibers, maintain cell walls and produce vitamin D, various hormones and digestive juices. -Cholesterol is produced by the liver. LDL’s: Low Density Lipoproteins Bad cholesterol Clogs our arteries HDL’s: High Density Lipoproteins Good cholesterol Moves cholesterol back to liver for removal from body. 9/11/2018

Steroids also include digestive bile and sex hormones. 3 sex hormones: estrogen progesterone testosterone 9/11/2018

Two test for the presence of lipids: 1. Brown Bag Test -leaves a translucent spot -light passes through it 9/11/2018

Yummy!!!!!!! 9/11/2018

2. Solubility Test -lipids are soluble in lighter fluid BUT insoluble in water. Remember: Likes dissolve likes Lipids are nonpolar Lighter fluid is nonpolar water is polar 9/11/2018

Major problem with lipids: In order for lipids to be transported to our cells they must be able to dissolve in the water of our blood. But lipids are insoluble in water Solution????????? 9/11/2018

Emulsification: -lipids must be emulsified/surrounded by digestive bile salts. -Bile is: -made by liver -stored in gall bladder -slowly released into small intestines which is the only place lipids are digested. 9/11/2018

When a lipid is emulsified It is totally surrounded by the bile salt. The bile salt is soluble in the water of blood so the lipid gets carried away. 9/11/2018

Nucleic Acids -4th Organic Compound -made up of carbon H, O, N and Phosphorus -There are only two type: -DNA -RNA 9/11/2018

To Be Continued in a later chapter…. Function of nucleic acids: -To store and transmit our genetic code. Nucleic Acids are made up of many repeating units known as nucleotides. To Be Continued in a later chapter…. 9/11/2018