The Second Great Awakening Social Reform And Social Reform By Clara Sigmon and Ashley Kendall

The Second Great Awakening Part I The Second Great Awakening Religious Revival In the U.S Particularly strong in the Northeast and Midwest 1800-1830 Result of declining religious convictions The Awakening influenced numerous reform movements, especially abolitionists.

Charles Finney lived 1792-1875 Influential Evangelist during Second Great Awakening One of most important public figures during the 19th century America 1823- license to preach people and became ordained in 1824 adopted and popularized Methodist practices Stood forpersonal interpretation of Scripture and change

Resulting Religious Groups Methodists and Baptists; Enormous Gains Presbyterian; Gains New Denominations Growths in Non-Denominational churches The Methodists and Baptists made enormous gains; to a lesser extent the Presbyterians gained members. Among the new denominations that were formed, and which in the 21st century still proclaim their roots in the Second Great Awakening are the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Latter Day Saint movement, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. This cultural phenomenon also contributed to growth in non-denominational churches such as the Churches of Christ, as many sought the concepts of New Testament Christianity in preference to the later doctrines and practices developed in Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and various Protestant traditions.

Part II Social Reform The Social Reform was a series of movements in response to modernization, urbanization, industrialization, and immigration.

Playground Movement “‘the playground of today is the republic of tomorrow’: social reform and organized recreation in the USA, 1890-1930’s” 19th and early 20th Centuries Recreation activities…a serious subject in Social Reform EDIT NOTES… Hyperlink Health, fitness, and physical activity for the individual were viewed as important national assets. Recreation was a means by which life in a urban industrial society could be made more tolerable, immigrant children molded into Americans, and children of all classes protected from vice and prepared for citizenship. Equally important, reformers viewed organized recreation as a way to reconcile the needs of an industrial nation with the principles of democracy. THE ABOVE WAS COPIED AND PASTED FROM http://www.infed.org/playwork/organized_recreation_and_playwork_1890-1930s.htm PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS!!

Charles Finney: A Leading Figure 1792 Moved Childhood Dream 1823 Jefferson County, Utica, and Rome New York 1830 People 1835 1851-1866 1872 1875 1. Charles Finney was born in 1792 in Warren, Connecticut. 2. When he was 2 years old his parents moved to Oneida County in western New York. 3. As a child he wanted to go into law and went to Adams, New York to study. 4. In 1823 Finney was licensed to preach as a Presbyterian minister. 5. In Jefferson County, Utica, and Rome New York he attracted enormous amounts of people to the revival meetings that met for days on end. 6. In 1830 Finney was called to Rochester and led an intense revivalism that affected the entire community. Shops and factories were closed so the workers could attend the meetings. 7. He was such a good motivational speaker that many people gave up alcohol consumption and converted after hearing Finney speak for the first time. 8. In 1835 he worked as a teacher of pastoral theology at Oberlin College, and Theological Seminary in Ohio. 9. Served as president of Oberlin College form 1851-1866. 10. In 1872 Finney retired from the mission, and in 1875 he died.

Social Reform Poor Jailhouses Jane Addams(1860-1935) Helped 1. The poor were put into factories to work. 2. Many people worked hard to make the jailhouses better. 3. Jane Addams was an activist, social worker, author, and Nobel Peace Prize winner. 4. This period helped by making homeless shelters, improving on laws, and establishing a juvenile center for kids that had gone bad.

Jane Addams: Activist 1860 1882 1888 1889 Associates Jane Addams was born in 1860 in Cedarville, Illinois. 2. Graduated from Rockford College in 1882. 3. She visited Toynbee Hall in 1888, which inspired her to help the less fortunate. 4. In 1889 Addams leased and took residence of a home built by Charles Hull. She proposed “to provide a center for a higher civic and social life; to institute and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises and to investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago.” By 1900 the Hull House served over two thousand residents every week, and it offered kindergarten, daycare, art gallery, libraries, music and art classes, employment bureau, gymnasium, pool, theatre, labor museum, residence for working women, and a meeting place for trade union groups. 5. Addams’ associates at the Hull House were Florence Kelly, Alice Hamilton, Julia Lathrop, Ellen Gates Starr, Sophonisba Breckinridge, and Grace and Edith Abbott, whom they put out social programs such as the Immigrants’ Protective League, Juvenile Protective Association, first juvenile court in the nation, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic. Later they persuaded the Illinois legislature to make a protective legislation for women and children, child labor laws, and compulsory education laws.

Her Life in the 1900’s 1907 1913 1919 1931 1935 1. Addams was a founding member of the National Child Labor Committee chartered by Congress in 1907. The committee led to the creation of the Federal Children’s Bureau in 1912 and Federal Child Labor Law in 1916. 2. She spoke for international peace in 1913. 3. Addams worked for the Women’s Peace Party, which later became the Women’s International League for Peach and Freedom in 1919. 4. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. 5. Jane Addams continued to live and work at the Hull House until she died in 1935.

Samuel G. Howe He entered publicly into the antislavery struggle for the first time in 1846 In 1851 he was one of the founders and editor of an antislavery paper Julia Ward Howe (wife and women’s rights activist) He was the originator of the State Board of Charities of Massachusetts, in 1863, the first board of the sort in America, and was its chairman from that time until 1874 During the Civil War Howe was one of the directors of the Sanitary Commission

Sources Books Internet Resource Pictures Powell, John. The 19th Century Volumes 1 and 2. Hackensack, New Jersey: Salem Press, 2007. Dudley, William. Opposing View Points in American History Volumes 1 and 2. Sandiego, California: David L. Bender, 1996. Internet Resource Harvard College. “Jane Addams (1860-1935.)” Women Working, 1800-1930. February 8, 2006. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/images/photographs/addams.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html&h=468&w=300&sz=23&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=6YNsIqlfnYmwdM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsocial%2Breform%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive January 23, 2008. Pictures Charles Finney. (Online Image) Available www.isaiah54.org/finney.htm Jane Addams. (Online Image0 Available www.blessedquietness.com/journal/evileyes.htm Jane Addams. (Online Image) Available www.library.uiuc.edu/blog/digitizedbotw/2007/... Anderson, Linnea M. “the playground of today is the republic of tomorrow”: social reform and organized recreation in the usa, 1890-1930’s” Infed Search. 12/28/07 http://www.infed.org/playwork/organized_recreation_and_playwork_1890-1930s.htm 1/25/08