Circular Economy Opportunities in The Construction Sector November 21st 2017 Mark Hilton Head of Sustainable Business

Study approach Establish boundaries to the study In geography, material and product types Horizon Scan – to focus on priority projects Pipeline of future construction projects by sub sector to understand future material demand and potential construction and demolition waste (material supply) Assessing Circularity Potential Review CE opportunities for each material across construction lifecycle steps Review CE opportunities for each sub sector across construction lifecycle steps Assess each sub sector for scale, ease of influence, use of priority materials, and potential impact

Preferred outcome Pipeline of construction and demolition projects by sector Using policy interventions to increase the sweet spot in the middle Pipeline of construction and demolition projects by sector Circularity opportunities by sector Potential circularity of materials used in construction Potential circularity of materials used in construction Circularity opportunities by sector

Sector spend and potential impacts   Average annual spend 2017-2020 Total Material (t) Total Tonnes of CO2e from Material Total Tonnes of Construction Waste Total Tonnes of Demolition Waste Infrastructure £2,775,394,000 14,487,557 971,388 557,854 1,518,141 Non Housing R&M £2,261,607,000 13,004,240 8,481,026 411,612 47,494 Commercial £2,227,872,000 12,810,264 8,354,520 405,473 46,785 Private Housing £1,773,780,000 10,199,235 6,651,675 322,828 37,249 Housing R&M £1,696,458,000 9,754,634 6,361,718 308,755 35,626 Public Non-housing £1,611,821,000 9,267,971 6,044,329 293,351 33,848 Public Housing £561,105,000 3,226,354 2,104,144 102,121 11,783 Industrial £206,230,000 1,185,823 773,363 37,534 4,331 Total Work £13,137,240,000 73,936,076 39,742,162 2,439,529 1,735,257 Combined WRAP benchmark data and CITB data on future construction spend to produce this table Public sector spend and procurement was identified as a key opportunity area to influence

Circular construction opportunities Large Infrastructure & Regeneration projects Modular design for deconstruction & reuse at end of 1st life, material passports Timber Aggregates Plasterboard Steel/ Aluminium Retrofit, reuse & refurbishment Closing material loops Utilisation

Target subsectors by material Timber - significant in social housing plans - strong local timber frame sector Aggregates - civil engineering and large regeneration areas Steel (e.g. super structure) and Aluminium– commercial, industrial, health and schools. (Structural steel recycling is ~90%, reuse ~5%). Plasterboard – all sectors, both construction and refurbishment Plastics – all sectors (windows, doors, gutters etc.)

Timber, Aggregates, Steel and Plasterboard Potential Measures Supporting the development of: modular production facilities – pre-fabrication Design for Disassembly (DfD) material selection and standardisation for reuse Raise client, designer and contractor awareness of technologies and benefits Develop good practice in: selective deconstruction protocols, material testing and recertification; e.g. European handbook on deconstruction of gypsum systems.

Timber, Aggregates, Steel and Plasterboard Potential Measures (cont.) Site Waste Management Plans (SWMPs) Supply and demand co-ordination tools e.g. Steel and Timber Frames Public procurement target and requirements e.g. recycled aggregate/ plasterboard targets DfD and Material Passports Pre-demolition audits etc Fiscal / regulatory measures to support secondary materials

Plastics Potential Measures Product recycled content targets EPR schemes for certain products Pre-demolition audit requirements Partial deconstruction On-site segregation of hard plastics Increased residual C&D waste sorting Standards for product identification and DfD ID: Use of tracers and watermarks

Refurbishment, Repair & Maintenance Potential Measures Evidence base - CE benefits of procuring product service systems Embed CE requirements into public procurements e.g. Non-Domestic Energy Efficiency (NDEE) Framework): Recycled content targets DfD and material optimisation GPP Core criteria for refurbishment audits Support NDEE framework contractors to develop Product Service System offers.

Large Infrastructure & Regeneration projects Potential Measures Circular Scoping Studies – to establish the feasibility of applying/ embedding CE principles across large mixed-use developments or large infrastructure e.g.: Glasgow - multiple regeneration projects Dundee Waterfront Edinburgh St James. Aggregates working group across major schemes Assess potential and priority location for Building Material Reuse Centres (BMRCs) to facilitate exchange of materials