Human Nervous system Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Structure of neuron Physiology of nervous system
Human nervous system
Nervous system – division
Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord
Brain
Brain
Ventricles of brain
Brain
Brain C T H
Brain-Forebrain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus
Brain- cerebrum Largest part of the brain Composed of right and left cerebral hemisphere Separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure Connected by corpus callosum Outer region of cerebrum-grey matter-cerebral cortex Inner region of cerebrum-white matter-cerebral medulla
Cerebrum
Brain-Forebrain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus
Brain- thalamus Main center of coordination for sensory and motor signalling Relay station for sensory and motor impluses between cerebrum and other parts of the brain.
Brain-Forebrain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus
Brain-hypothalamus Lies at the base of thalamus Regulates temperature thirst hunger emotions ADH & oxytocin secretion Controls pituitary gland Controls sleep wakefulness, food intake, blood pressure, heart rate
Brain
Brain-midbrain Located between forebrain and hindbrain Dorsal surface-superior and inferior corpora bigemina Round lobes-corpora quadrigemina Canal –cerebal aqueduct Anterior part-visual reflex Posterior part-auditory reflex
Brain C P M
Brain-Hind brain Cerebellum Pons varolii Medulla oblongata
Hind brain- cerebellum Large part of hind brain Located above medulla oblongata, below cerebral hemisphere It helps in co-ordination of muscular activities It helps in maintenance of posture and equilibrium
Hind brain- pons varolii Band of nerve fibre that lies between medulla oblongata and midbrain Connects the lateral part of cerebral hemisphere forming a bridge. Co-ordination of activities of eye and ear Equilibrium and respiration regulation.
Hind brain- medulla oblangata Posterior part Located beneath the cerebellum Lower end extends in the form of spinal cord. Leaves the skull through foramen magnum. It helps in regulation of respiration, heartbeat, blood pressure, circulation, peristaltic movement etc. Salivation, vomiting, sneezing & coughing
Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord
Spinal cord Tubular structure connected with medulla oblongata of brain Situated in the neural canal of the vertebral column, covered by meninges. Contains CSF Outer white matter and inner grey matter. Helps in conduction of impulses to and from the brain. It is the centre of spinal reflexes.
Neurons Vs Nerves A neuron is an individual cell, whereas, a group of neurons form a nerve. There are two types of neurons sensory and motor neurons; while there are three types of nerves afferent, efferent and mixed nerves. Nerves are found in the peripheral nervous system, while neurons are found in the brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. Neurons conduct nerve impulses, while nerves transmit information to various parts of the body.
Types of nerves 3 types of nerves - sensory nerves, motor nerves and mixed nerves. Sensory nerves also known as afferent nerves, carry impulses from sensory receptors towards the brain. Motor nerves also known as efferent nerves, carry impulses away from the brain to muscles and glands.
Spinal reflexes an automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that typically involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and then passing outward from the spinal cord to an effector (such as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often without passing to the brain
Nervous system – division
Peripheral nervous system It consist of sensory and motor nerves. Includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves. It has two divisions Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system
Nervous system – division
Autonomic nervous system The part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) contains two subdivisions: the parasympathetic (PSNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems.
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
Nervous system – division
Somatic nervous system The somatic nervous system (voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements. consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves.
Structure of neuron
Neurotransmitters a chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, effects the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fibre, a muscle fibre, or some other structure.
Physiology of nervous system