CHAPTER 12: Many Centers Meeting contact conflict cooperation combination

challenges to Protestant center Conflict challenges to Protestant center new immigrants new religious movements internal divisions Protestant fears discrimination against “others”

The Roman Catholic “Plot” Catholics were seen as suspicious “superstitions” celibacy secrecy of convents authoritarian foreign leader Textbook description of this image: “The Aim of Pope Pius IX, 1855. This titled cartoon from a Protestant nativist flyer advertised the Reverend Isaac Kelso’s Danger in the Dark, an anti-Catholic novel. With the cartoon’s depiction of the pope destroying the U.S. Constitution, note the irony of the caption’s allusion to ‘Romish intolerance.’”

nativist organizations Nativist Reactions war against nunneries convent burned Maria Monk’s Awful Disclosures nativist organizations Know-Nothing party KKK

Decline of Anti-Catholicism John F. Kennedy 1st Catholic president addressed fears of Catholicism Vatican Council II reforms alliances with conservative Protestants

The Jewish “Conspiracy” anti-Semitism in late 19th century accused of banking conspiracy history as moneylenders accused of being “Christ-killers” lynching of Leo Frank

The Pluralist Struggle strategies to maintain distinctions separation reinterpreting boundaries boundary markers resistance mission work

Extremes of Separation Jim Jones & Peoples Temple Jonestown in Guyana prophetic message of liberation mass religious suicide ultimate separation of death

Using Missions to Counter the Mainstream Mormon missionaries Christian Science reading rooms Jehovah’s Witnesses “publishers” ISKCON flower sales at airports

Protestant Pluralism: Liberal vs. Conservative Social & political battle for the center: abortion same-sex marriage feminism evolution affirmative action immigration capital punishment

Conservative coalitions Liberal coalitions Unlikely Partners Conservative coalitions Evangelical / Catholic / Mormon / Orthodox Jew Liberal coalitions liberal Protestant / secular humanist / ”spiritual” Catholic-Jewish relations Jewish-black relations

Religious Combinations a culture exploring ways to unify creation of an American identity Non-Protestant groups adopted: “Protestant-style” worship Sunday services denominational organization millennialism

Summing Up the Present dialectic between the One & the Many expansion & contraction reactions of conflict & combination Millennialism and its Problems-postponing present resolutions by living in the future