Body Orientation and Body Systems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIAHRxDGGAQ

Body Orientation

Study of body structure What is anatomy? Study of body structure

TYPES OF aNATOMY Gross Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy Histology General body structure Microscopic Anatomy Cannot be seen with naked eye Cytology Study of cells Histology Study of tissues

Study of body functions Physiology Study of body functions

Major Body Regions Head (cephalic) and Neck (cervical) Extremities Trunk Chest -Gluteal (buttocks) Abdomen -Pubic Back -Inguinal (groin) Axillary (armpit) -Perineum (region between the anus and reproductive organs)

Body Positions Anatomical Position Body erect, feet on floor, palms facing up, head facing forward Supine Body facing upward Prone Body facing downward

Directional Terms Anterior - front side of body Posterior - back side of body Superior - toward the head Inferior - away from head Medial - toward midline of body Lateral - away from midline Proximal - closer to point of attachment Distal - farther from point of attachment Superficial - closer to body surface Deep - beneath body surface

Body Planes Sagittal Frontal Transverse Divides body into left and right Median or midsagittal – directly down middle Parasagittal – off to one side Frontal Divides body into anterior and posterior AKA - front and back Transverse Divides body into superior and inferior AKA – top and bottom

Review Major Body Regions Body Positions Directional Terms Body Planes Worksheet Opportunity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOqTYNuMX78

Body Cavities Dorsal (posterior) Cranial (houses the brain) Spinal (contains the spinal cord)

Body Cavities Ventral (anterior) Thoracic cavity Abdominoplevic Pericardial cavity – surrounds the heart Pleural cavities – surrounds the lungs Abdominoplevic Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and the small and large intestine Pelvic cavity – contains the lower part of the digestive system (rectum), the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs of the female

Basic Structural Levels Cells – the basic unit of life Tissues – groups of cells working together Epithilial – covers the surface of the body and lines the cavities Nervous – forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves Connective – used for support (bones and cartilage), for the attachment of other tissues (tendons, ligaments, and fascia), or for other specialized functions (blood) Muscle – moves parts attached to it; skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Basic Structural Levels Organs – groups of tissue working together

Basic Structural Level Systems – organs working together to perform body function Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

Integumentary System Protects internal body structures against injury and foreign substances; prevents fluid loss; important in temperature regulation

Skeletal Supports and protects soft tissues and organs; provides framework; attachments for muscles; produces blood cells

Muscular Moves body and its parts; maintenance of posture; production of body heat

Nervous Controls and integrates body activities; responsible for “higher functions” such as thought and reasoning

Endocrine Regulates body metabolism

Cardiovascular Transports materials between different cells and tissues

Immune Protects the body against infection and invasion

Respiratory Provides for the intake and output of air, as well as the exchange of gases

Digestive Supplies body with substance (food) from which energy is derived; transports wastes from the body

Urinary Filters wastes from the blood; helps maintain water and electrolyte balance Reproductive Produces gametes; continues the species

Review Body Cavities Basic Structural Levels Body Systems

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSqwRkDLyH4