HW #3, Due Sep. 14 Chapter 2 P23, P24, PH13, PH15, PM2

Undergraduate Research Opportunity Positions are available for undergraduate students to work on optics related research or educational projects. Sponsored by UNM/NASA PURSUE Program $8/hour 15 hour/week Anyone who is interested should contact me ASAP.

Lecture 7 (chapter 2 continued) Quick Review: Refraction Total Internal Reflection This Lecture: Refraction in Nature (Mirages, Halos, Rainbows,..) Chapter 3 (Lenses and Mirrors)?

Refraction Recall: velocity of light v= c/n

*Refraction 1 http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/refraction/index.html http://wigner.byu.edu/LightRefract/LightRefract.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/boyFish.html Fish Tank

Material Refractive Index (n) Air 1.0003 Examples Material Refractive Index (n) Air 1.0003 Water 1.33 Glycerin 1.47 Immersion Oil 1.515 Glass 1.52 Flint 1.66 Zircon 1.92 Diamond 2.42 Silicon 4

Law of Refraction i r R I Air (for example) glass or water or … N n1 The Refracted ray (R ) lies in the plane defined by Incidence ray (I) and surface Normal (N) The Refracted ray (R ) lies on the opposite side of N as the incident ray I, and The Refracted ray (R ) makes an angle r that satisfies the Snell’s law: Angle of Incidence  Index of refraction in medium 1 almost equals to Angle of Refraction  Index of refraction in medium 2 (for small angles)

Snell’s Law (exact) c a  Sine of an angle

Now, consider this ….

Total Internal Reflection *Total Internal Reflection (Optical Fiber) http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/fiberOptic.html

Total Internal Reflection

Prisms as perfect reflectors: See Fig. 2.56 in the Text

Brilliance (TIR), Fire (dispersion) and Flash Diamond Brilliance (TIR), Fire (dispersion) and Flash

Mirages, Rainbows, Halos, Sun Dogs…. Next Refraction in Nature Mirages, Rainbows, Halos, Sun Dogs….

Mirages and Atmospheric Distortions sunset mirage

Mirage

Dispersion Refractive Index varies with Wavelength : n() Dispersion in a prism * Prism Refraction http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/prism/index.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/monoPrism.html refraction & refl. http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/whitePrism.html dispersion

Rainbow

Rainbow *Rainbow http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Rainbow/rainbow.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/raindrop.html rain drop

Ice Crystals

Sun Dogs

Halos

22 degree halo

22 degree halo

46 degree halos

Chapter 3 Mirrors and Lenses Read 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (A, B, C* , D), 3.4, 3.5** * Anamorphic Art ** Aberrations

Flat mirror revisited virtual image Read Text about the Kaleidoscope

(simply apply the law of reflection) Spherical Mirrors Where is the image? What is the field of view? Ray Tracing (simply apply the law of reflection)

Reflection in Curved Mirrors Convex and Concave Mirrors

axis O C F center focal point Paraxial Rays: Rays that are close to the axis

Ray Rules for a Convex Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

C F O 1 C F O 3 C F O 2

Locating the Image Mirrors *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html *Concave Lens: virtual image *Convex Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

“Hand with Reflecting Globe” M. C. Escher, “Hand with Reflecting Globe” Fig 3.9

Concave Mirror axis O C F center focal point

Ray Rules for a Concave Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

*Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html

Lenses

*Magnification (Magnifying Glass) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/microscopy/simplemagnification/index.html * Lens Action (Many Applets) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/javalens.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/lenses/principleRays.html principle rays *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm

Fresnel Lenses