Skeletal System

sternum

The Skeletal System Functions of the Skeletal System Provide support Protect internal organs Allows your body to move Stores and produced materials that your body needs You have 206 bones in your body Babies have more WHY?

Spongy Bone Outer Membrane Central Cavity Spongy bone contains flat and needlelike structures that resist stress. Red bone marrow may fill the open spaces in some bones. Compact Bone Compact bone makes up the outer layer of all bones. Although it looks dense and solid, It is full of holes for nerves and blood vessels. Outer Membrane An outer membrane covers most of a long bone. The inner portion of a membrane contains cells that build up and breakdown bone. Central Cavity Central cavities in long bones usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).

Vocabulary Example Joint Complete vocabulary on Page 2 Example Joint A point in which two bone come together to allowed movement Ball and socket located at the hip

VOCABULARY WORD DEFINITION WHERE DOES IT OCCUR? JOINT Where 2 bones meet Shoulder, elbow, knee CARTILAGE A tough supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone At the end of bones, ear, nose OSSIFICATION Process were cartilage is replaced by bone Skull ends of bones MARROW The soft tissue that fills spaces in bones Any bone LIGAMENTS A strong, fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint Anywhere 2 bones come together OSTEOPOROSIS A condition in which significant loss of bone mass causes bones to become weak and break. Any bones that don’t receive enough calcium FRACTURE A break in a bone Any bone that has trauma SPRAIN Overstretched or torn ligament And joint that injury occurs SCOLIOSIS Abnormal curvature of the spine vertebrae

5 types of JOINTS in your body Hinge Joint Allows for BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING Immovable Joint Allows NO MOVEMENT

Allows movement SIDE TO SIDE Ball and Socket Joint Pivot Joint Allows movement SIDE TO SIDE Ball and Socket Joint Allows movement in ALL DIRECTIONS Gliding Joint Allows movement in many directions

ACTIVITIES TEST TOMORROW Bones relay Egg and vinegar Q-tip skeleton Page 1 thru 3 in packet NO NOTES

Q-tip Skeleton CREATE A SKELETON SIMILAR TO THAT IN YOUR PACKET MAKE SURE ALL BONES ARE REPRESENTED, INCLUDING THE LOWER BONES OF THE ARMS AND LEGS USE THE COTTON BALL FOR HEAD AND MAYBE PELVIS LABEL ALL BONES LABEL 5 MUSCLES DUE AT THE END OF THE HOUR!

Muscular System

Types of muscles Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles that you DO NOT have direct control over Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle only found in the HEART Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles that you CAN control to do activity

What connects our bones an muscles together? Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the bones and allows them to move

hamstrings

How muscles work All muscles do work by contracting, or becoming shorter and thicker. Many skeletal muscles work in pairs. One muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone in one direction. Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone back

Activity on page 273 teachers addition Muscle Pairs Bicep contracts Triceps relaxes Bicep relaxes Activity on page 273 teachers addition Triceps contracts

Nervous System

What is the Nervous System? Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron

The MASTER ORGAN

Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves 1 2 Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves 3

Nervous System Includes Two Divisions Three Regions Is Divided into Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Includes Two Divisions Brain Spinal Cord Sensory Motor Three Regions Two Groups Autonomic Somatic Cerebrum Brain Stem Regulates breathing Cerebellum Signals Skeletal muscles

Activities Muscle relay Mix messages (page 281) Find the letter Read this paragraph Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher edition) The Concussion Crisis article

Mixed Messages Page 281

1 - Find the C below. Please do not use any cursor help 1 - Find the C below.. Please do not use any cursor help. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

2- If you already found the C, now find the 6 below

3 - Now find the N below. It's a little more difficult 3 - Now find the N below. It's a little more difficult. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in what oerdr the ltteres in a word are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is that the frsit and last ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can still raed it whotuit a pboerlm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

ILLUSIONS

Cardiovascular System

Functions of the Cardiovascular System Delivers materials Your heart continually pups blood in your blood vessels throughout your body Example – blood picks up glucose from your digestive system and brings it to cells that need energy Removes wastes It transports waste from your cells Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled Fights Disease blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts

The 3 main parts of the Cardiovascular System The Heart The Blood Vessels Blood

Blood Flow through the Heart Lungs The right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. The left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood. Body Cells

Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Page 293 The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body Major vessels from upper body to the heart Vessel form the lungs Vessels from the lung to the heart Vessels from lung to heart Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

YOUR HEART BEAT Two main phases. FIRST PHASE - the heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood. SECOND PHASE - the heart contracts and pumps blood. The rate at which your heart muscles contract is regulated by the pacemaker, a small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium. Average heart rate depends on the person and situation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSbbDnbSEyM

TAKING YOUR PULSE

Complete page 11 using your book BLOOD VESSELS Your heart pumps blood through an extensive network of blood vessels. The three main types of blood vessels in your body are Arteries Capillaries Veins Complete page 11 using your book

ARTERIES Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood The largest artery in the body is the aorta Arteries have thick walls that are both strong and flexible.

Layer of cells Smooth muscle Connective tissue

CAPILLARIES Branching from the smallest arteries are capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in your body. As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse through the capillary walls and into your body’s cells.

VEINS From the capillaries, blood flows into small blood vessels that join together to form veins. Veins are large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Capillary Cross Section BLOOD VESSELS Capillary Vein Layer of cells Capillary Cross Section Smooth muscle Connective tissue Single Layer of cells

Blood is blue in color when is it NOT carrying oxygen. MYTH The fact is that blood is bright red when it is carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not. Veins appear blue because of the way light reflects from skin.

Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (oxygenated) Capillaries Smallest arteries in the body – transports oxygen and dissolves nutrients into your body cells Veins Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart (deoxygenated blood) Plasma Liquid portion of your blood – makes up 55% of blood volume Red Blood Cells Carries oxygen and contains hemoglobin to which oxygen binds White Blood Cells Fighter cells– protect us against disease Platelets Responsible for blood clotting

BLOOD The average adult has about 4 to 6 quarts of blood circulating through his or her blood vessels. The four components of blood are Plasma White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Platelets

PLASMA The liquid component of the blood is called plasma This straw-colored liquid makes up about 55 percent of the blood. Plasma is mostly water, with substances such as nutrients, hormones, and salts dissolved in it.

RED BLOOD CELLS The cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body are red blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is an iron-containing substance to which oxygen binds

WHITE BLOOD CELLS White blood cells help protect you against diseases and foreign substances Some white blood cells make chemicals that help your body resist diseases such as cancer. Others destroy invading microorganisms by surrounding and consuming them.

Platelets are cell fragments that play an important role in the blood clotting process When you get a cut, platelets stick to the edges of the cut and release proteins called clotting factors. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18--LFIs-FM

Respiratory System

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is responsible for bringing oxygen from the outside environment into the body It also removes carbon dioxide from the body

Label the parts of the Respiratory System and 7. Label the parts of the Respiratory System and its purpose Page 307

Respiratory System Nose and Nasal Cavities – air comes into our body Pharynx – (throat) it connects the mouth to the respiratory track Epiglottis and Larynx – the larynx contains the vocal cords - when you swallow the epiglottis seals the larynx. Trachea – windpipe connects larynx to lungs Bronchus – divides the trachea into 2 pipes one going to each lung. Lung – bronchi divide like branches of a tree to smaller tubes. At the end of the tubes is where gas is exchanged. Cilia – capture mucus that contains dust and sweep it towards the throat to be swallowed.

Blood rich in carbon dioxide What it looks like Blood rich in carbon dioxide Blood rich in oxygen Capillary

HOW GAS IS EXCHANGED At the end of the smallest tubes in the lungs are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches of grapes These sacs, called alveoli are where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi lungs

THE BREATHING PROCESS Lets see how it works Inhalation The volume in the lung increase and the air flows in Function Rib cage moves up and out The Diaphragm contracts and flattens Exhalation The volume of the lungs decreases, and the air is pulled out Functions The rib cage returns to its original position The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward Lets see how it works -pop liter bottle -balloons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXOM6wgE

Quiz Tomorrow Cardiovascular system and Respiratory system Be able to label the respiratory system Know information from your packet about the cardiovascular and respiratory system NO NOTES