Architectural Drafting ACD 521S 2017 Lecture 06

THE PLAN Architectural floor plans are the starting point for all architectural drafting. The initial layout begins with developing preliminary sketches to display to the client for comment and/or approval. These sketches form the basis of the floor plan. The floor plan is a detailed and dimensioned horizontal section through the building showing the arrangement of all physical objects within the building.

THE PLAN The horizontal section is usually cut at around 1.2m above the floor level, and includes the following information: All load bearing and non-load structural elements, columns, walls etc. Doors and windows Stairs and ramps Built-in and loose furniture, fixtures and fittings Floor plans are drawn to scale using different line-types and line-weights to deliver different levels of information clearly. E.g. dotted/hidden lines are used to indicate items that are located above the cutting line, such as high level cupboards, stairway openings, soffits, ceilings or beams. Cross referencing symbols are used to relate the information on the floor plan to other drawings such as sections, elevations and details.

THE PLAN Floor plans will contain notes and callouts explaining specific materials or construction concerns that need to be brought to the builder's attention. Floor plans also act as an overall "key" to show the builder where to find specific information on various areas of the building. It is common practice to draft floor plans at a scale where the entire building can -hopefully- be displayed on a single page so that overall dimensions are easy to see, and then to create larger "blow-up" plans of areas that are information intensive, such as restrooms or stairwells. References to these blow-up plans are made with dashed boxes surrounding the area in question and are labeled with call-out bubbles referring the builder to the title/sheet number where the enlarged plan is located.

THE PLAN Detail Symbols

THE PLAN Floor plans will also make use of section and elevation bubbles that show not only the location of those details but also include arrow symbols that show the direction in which the detail is oriented.

THE PLAN

THE PLAN Some elevation and section symbols include an additional number for cross- referencing. Note that the two-sided section symbol in the image has two numbers on its bottom. The first, A-2, states what sheet the section symbol is on. The second, A-3, states what sheet the section drawing referenced by the cut is on. The number 4 refers to which drawing on sheet A-3 the section refers to.

THE PLAN

THE PLAN Elevation marks are used to indicate which direction and from which point on the floor plan is drawn. Elevation marks can be placed at each spot for different elevation views, or multiple elevation symbols may be used for the elevation views that are drawn from one middle spot of the space.

THE PLAN Elevation Datum marks are used to indicate levels Door and Window Tags

THE PLAN

THE PLAN Floor plans contain a large amount of information and can quickly become confusing. For that reason, drafters make use of various symbols, line weights, and hatch patterns to graphically differentiate what each line and/or area on the plan represents. For example, it is common practice to fill in the space between the two faces of a proposed wall with a hatch pattern so that it can be easily seen, whereas existing wall spaces are usually left empty so that the viewer can quickly differentiate between the two.

THE PLAN Symbols on a floor plan vary greatly depending on what information is being displayed. An electrical floor plan will show symbols designating outlet, light, and switch locations whereas an HVAC plan will show duct drops, thermostats, and pipe risers. Floor plans can be broken down to show only specific trade information on a single sheet or, if the project is small enough, they can be combined to show various trades on each sheet; for example, plumbing and HVAC are often combined.

THE PLAN When possible, all plans should be drawn parallel to the edges of the paper, with north at the top of the sheet. This is called plan north and enables the drafter to give simple names to interior and exterior elevations. If plan north isn’t compass (magnetic) north, an additional arrow is added to the drawing that points that way

THE PLAN Title block

THE PLAN Title block

PLAN CHECKLIST –to be used as a guide line where applicable Border and Title Block Title, scale drawing number of drawing in the title block North Arrow All exterior and interior walls Wall openings, arches and soffits and ceilings with hidden lines( annotate) Outlines of Stoeps, verandahs, patios etc Windows with window symbols Doors with door symbols, also include swing directions Room labels Stairs with directional arrows All joinery, fixtures fittings and equipment All Dimensions All Annotations and Symbols Title and Scale of Plan under the plan view.