Georgia Studies Unit 5: Impact of Civil War on Georgia Lesson 2: Ga’s Role in the Civil War Study Presentation

Unit 5: Impact of Civil War on Ga Lesson 2: Ga’s Role in the Civil War Nouns Verbs

Lesson 2: The Civil War History Standard – SS8H5 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War on Georgia.

Find the major verbs and nouns and label them on your “T” Chart. SS8H5 Elements b. Explain Georgia’s role in the Civil War; include the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, the Emancipation Proclamation, Chickamauga, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

Unit 5: Impact of Civil War on Ga Lesson 2: Ga’s Role in the Civil War Union Blockade of GA’s coast Emancipation Proclamation Chickamauga Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign Sherman’s March to the Sea Andersonville Explain Nouns Verbs

Lesson 2: The Civil War Essential Question How did key military, political, and economic strategies influence the outcome of the Civil War?

The Civil War Begins: Southern Secession April 10, 1861, Major General P.G.T. Beauregard leads bombardment of Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor Federal troops and laborers inside Fort Sumter surrender on April 13 Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia secede from the Union President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion and protect Washington

Civil War Most soldiers volunteered at first, but later men were conscripted (drafted to serve in the armies) Poorer men sometimes accepted money to fight in place of rich men who didn’t want to serve Many soldiers between 14 and 16 years old North had factories, better railroad system, and most of the nation’s food growing farms and money South had more experienced military leaders South traded cotton for weapons/supplies

Civil War What impact did the American Civil War have on Georgia and the other Southern States? During war, Georgia manufactured equipment for Confederate States of America (CSA). Large portion of war, Georgia relatively untouched by US forces. It suffered during Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea. After the war, Georgia’s economy was in bad shape.

Antietam September 17, 1862 Civil War battle near Sharpsburg, Maryland

Antietam Bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War. About 2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed and 19,000 people were wounded. Union Victory

Antietam Why was the Battle of Antietam important to the Civil War and to Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? This was the “victory” Abraham Lincoln needed to release his Emancipation Proclamation. One week after this battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. Though often understood as the document that “freed the slaves,” the Proclamation actually said that all slaves in the rebellious states would be freed on January 1, 1863.

Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862

Emancipation Proclamation Document gave the Southern Confederacy (CSA) a choice: Quit the war and keep slavery alive or keep fighting and slaves would be forever free Deadline was January 1, 1863

Emancipation Proclamation Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important to the Civil War and what impact did it have? CSA continued the war Slaves were declared free by the United States government in 1863

Gettysburg Three-day battle (July 1-3, 1863) in Pennsylvania

Gettysburg Union won Suffered 23,000 casualties (dead and wounded) CSA suffered 28,000 casualties

Gettysburg Why was the Battle of Gettysburg important to the Civil War? Lincoln visited Gettysburg in November 1863. He gave the famous Gettysburg address

Battle of Chickamauga Fought in September 18-20, 1863 Town of Chickamauga is located in Walker County just 10 miles south of the Tennessee/Georgia line. Second bloodiest battle of the Civil War with over 34,000 casualties. The battle was the largest ever fought in the state of Georgia.

Battle of Chickamauga Chattanooga was major railroad center and was important to the movement of supplies and troops for the CSA Union wanted to use this capture as a stepping stone to capture a more significant rail road hub: Atlanta.

Battle of Chickamauga Why was the Battle of Chickamauga important to the Civil War and the state of GA? It was the largest Union defeat in the Western theater of the Civil War. Union troops were driven back to Chattanooga; CSA did not follow-up on their victory by attacking retreating soldiers Union reinforcements later recaptured the city of Chattanooga Once Chattanooga was defended and in Union hands, used as launching point for Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign.

Union Blockade of GA’s Coast Northern war strategy—blockade Closed off southern ports to keep the south from exporting and importing goods

Union Blockade of GA’s Coast Close all Southern ports (using ironclads – armored ships) Prevent cotton exports and imports of weaponry from foreign countries

Union Blockade of GA’s Coast Why was the Union Blockade of GA’s coast important to the Civil War and the Union’s overall war strategy? At first, the Union blockade was not successful. Things changed dramatically in Georgia when the North destroyed the brick Fort Pulaski with rifled-barrel cannon North was able to effectively restrict continued attempt to sneak past the Union blockade

Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign William T. Sherman—Union general Union Army fought series of battles in an attempt to capture/destroy the important Confederate rail and supply center of Atlanta

Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign Confederate army retreats further south into Georgia June & July 1864—Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, Kennesaw Mountain, New Hope Church, Atlanta

The Battle of Atlanta Why was Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign important to the Civil War and to the city of Atlanta? Sherman surrounded the city and laid siege Fighting continued during July and August 1864 Hood and Atlanta’s citizens finally emptied the city on September 1, 1864 Sherman burns the city in mid-November then begins his march toward Savannah and the sea. The Army then burned all but about 400 of Atlanta’s buildings (approximately 90% of Atlanta was burned/destroyed)

Sherman’s March to the Sea Part of the Lay Waste Strategy - Sherman’s Union army destroys everything in its path, 300 miles from Atlanta to Savannah

Sherman’s March to the Sea A sixty mile-wide area is burned, destroyed, and ruined during a two-month period Estimated losses exceeded $100 million Captured, but did not burn, Savannah in December 1864 Union troops loaded and shipped $28 million worth of cotton, stored in Savannah, to the North

Sherman’s March to the Sea Why was Sherman’s March to the Sea important to the Civil War and to the state of Georgia? Sherman wrote to Abraham Lincoln that Savannah was his Christmas present (along with about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton that was ultimately shipped to Northern factories). Civil War Ends: General Robert E. Lee’s surrenders his army at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. Confederate President Jefferson Davis and Vice President Alexander Stephens (from GA) flee and are captured

Andersonville Andersonville Prison, in southwest Georgia Overcrowded, and offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation 13,700 Union soldiers are buried there

Andersonville Confederate war prison where thousands of Union soldiers died Causes of death: dehydration, starvation, disease

Andersonville Why was the Confederate prison for Union soldiers at Andersonville, GA important to the Civil War? With these horrible conditions, more men died (over 13,000) at Andersonville than at any other Civil War prison. After the Civil War, what happened to Captain Henry Wirz, who had been in charge of the prison at Andersonville, GA? Captain Henry Wirtz, Andersonville Prison commander, was later hanged for “excessive cruelty”

The Aftermath 620,000 people died during the war; about two-thirds died from diseases, wounds, or military prison hardships In order to reenter the United States the South would have to endure political, emotional, and physical reconstruction Healing of emotional wounds took far longer than the war itself The North or the South would never be the same again