Evolution Chapter 16-1, 16-2 Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

A. What scientific explanation can account for the diversity of life? A collection of scientific facts, observations, and hypothesis known as the EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Charles Darwin The person who contributed most to our understanding of http://harrier.users.netlink.co.uk/Darwin_sm.jpg Charles Darwin The person who contributed most to our understanding of evolution In 1831, he joined the crew of the H.M.S. Beagle as a naturalist for a 5 year voyage around the world. Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Darwin collected a vast amount of evidence that led him to propose a evolutionary hypothesis about the way life changes. http://www.elsie.brandeis.edu/images/journals.gif http://www.24hourmuseum.org.uk/chg/content/images/2003_2233.JPG

C. The Galάpagos Islands are close together but have very different climates Some had hot and dry while others had more rainfall & vegetation Each had its own unique assortment of plant & animal species Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos Islands Section 15-1 and on Pinta Island, tortoise necks were somewhere in between Pinta Tower Pinta Island Intermediate shell Marchena James Fernandina Santa Cruz Isabela Santa Fe Hood Island Saddle-backed shell Floreana Hood On the desert-like Hood Island, tortoises had long necks… Isabela Island Dome-shaped shell …while on the lush rainforest of Isabela Island, tortoises had short necks…

D. Darwin’s Thoughts Wondered if animals living on different islands had once been members of same species Then developed different characteristics after becoming isolated from one another in different habitats

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809) http://www.educa.rcanaria.es/fundoro/00.corsi.htm Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking: ___________________________ was one of first scientists to recognize living things _______________ and that all species were ________ from other species. Lamarck published his hypothesis of ________________________ the year Darwin was born. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809) changed over time descended Inheritance of Acquired traits

The male fiddler crab uses its front claw to _________mates and fight off _____________. attract predators repeated Through _________ use, the front claw becomes ________. larger The fiddler passes on this __________ characteristic to its offspring acquired

What’s wrong with Lamarck’s hypothesis? http://www.geocities.com/arnold_schwarzenegger_pictures/ Lamarck didn’t know about genes and how traits are _______. If you lifted weights your whole young adult life, and then you had children, would your kids be more muscular? inherited ACQUIRED PASSED ON NO! ________ traits can ____ be __________ to their offspring. NOT

What’s right with Lamarck’s hypothesis? Lamarck was first to develop a scientific hypothesis about _______ and recognize that organisms are ________________________ evolution adapted to their environments http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~he599900/giraffeeating.jpg