ELECTRICITY

Question Time Have you ever walked across a rug, reached a doorknob and…ZAP!!!! You get a static shock. What about coming inside from the cold and taking off your winter hat and all of a sudden your hair is sticking straight up? What is happening?

Let’s Start from the Beginning Atoms- smallest particle that makes up all matter. Electrons-Negative charged particles that make up an atom. Orbit around the nucleus Protons: Positively charged particles that make up an atom. Found in the nucleus Neutrons: particles found in the nucleus that do not have a charge

Let’s Start from the Beginning All Matter is entirely made of “electricity” yet because the protons and electrons cancel each other out, we rarely encounter electrical effects in everyday life.

But……Which part of the atom can be removed? The electron

Where do charges come from? If Electrons are = to Protons then the Atom is Neutral If Electrons are > Protons then the Atom is Negatively Charged If Electrons are < Protons then the Atom is Positively Charged

What causes

What happens? Electrons move from atom to atom

Electric Charge Law of electric charges: This law states that like charges repel, or push away, and opposite charges attract.

Electric Field The region around a charged object in which an electric force is exerted on another charged object.

What is Static Electricity? The Electric charge at rest on an object. When something is “static” it is not moving. An object that is statically charged keeps its charge since it is not moving.

3 ways to charge an object Conduction Induction Friction *Remember it’s all about the movement of electrons

Conduction Electrons move from one object to another by DIRECT contact Example: Touching a doorknob while you are negatively charged. Object is charged from being CONnected to the electric field

Induction Electrons are transferred when a neutral object is near a charged object (in the electrical field) Example: Sitting in class on a chair with a metal base and the electrons are transferring on you by making your hair statically charged Object is charged from being IN the electric field

Friction Electrons are moved by force – “wiped” onto another object Example: Rubbing a balloon on wool

Electric Discharge The loss of static electricity as charges move off an object. Example: Lightning touching down on the tallest object in a field.

Electric Force The force between two charged objects. ELECTRON FORCE DEPENDS ON TWO THINGS: 1. Amount of charge on an object 2. The distance between the 2 objects; the closer the stronger.

Moving Charges Conductors: an electrical conductor is a material in which electrons can move easily through. Copper, Aluminum, and Mercury

Moving Charges Insulators: an electrical insulator is a material in which electrons cannot move easily through. Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, and air. An insulator can build up a static charge – it will hold the charge until the energy is released by a conductor

You are responsible for the following terms: Law of electric charges, Electric Force, Electric Field Friction, Conduction, and Induction Electrical Conductor, Electrical Insulator Static Electricity, Electric Discharge

Notebook Notes Cut the cards and make flash cards for your notebook The vocabulary words start in Chapter 1. Pages 4-11 You are responsible for the following terms: Law of electric charges, Electric Force, Electric Field Friction, Conduction, and Induction Electrical Conductor, Electrical Insulator Static Electricity, Electric Discharge Tape in the “holder” and place all your cards inside.

Rotation Lab Tomorrow