Cells are the Basic unit of life. KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. Why does this cell look like a Fried Egg?

The Cell Theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Scientists that contributed to the Cell Theory: Hooke Leeuwenhoek Schleiden Schwann Virchow

Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

There are two cell types: Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. 1. All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane. 2. All cells are filled with cytoplasm. cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cytoplasm

Prokaryotic Cells Characteristics: Prokaryotic Cells do not have a nucleus Prokaryotic Cells do not have membrane- bound organelles. cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cells Characteristics: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Eukaryotic Cells have membrane- bound organelles. nucleus organelles cell membrane cytoplasm

Cells Have an Internal Structure Cytoskeleton has many functions supports and shapes cell helps position and transport organelles provides strength assists in cell division aids in cell movement

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Golgi Apparatus Vessicles Ribosomes Mitochodria Vacuoles Lysosomes Centrioles Cell Wall Chloroplasts

Nucleus Stores genetic information Nuclear envelope – double membrane encloses nucleus Nuclear Pores – holes in membrane to allow passage of molecules Nucleolus – dense region that makes ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of folded membranes “Intracellular Highway” Many processes occur on surface and lumen (interior of membranes) ex: Production of proteins and lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum There are two types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R.) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R.) Lumen

Ribosome Ribosome's link amino acids to form proteins Made of protein and RNA Attached to E.R. OR Free floating in Cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus Closely stacked membranes Package, Sort, and Processes Proteins from the E.R.

Vesicles Membrane-bound sacs pinch off from E.R. and fuse with Golgi Body Hold materials and safely transports materials throughout cell Short-lived and recycled as needed

Mitochondria Supply energy to the cell Consists of two membranes Have their own DNA and ribosomes

Vacuoles Fluid-filled sacs used for storage Ex: Water, food molecules, enzymes Central vacuole unique to plant cells Takes up most the space in the cell

Lysosomes Contain enzymes inside to digest material Double membrane Defend cells from bacteria and viruses Break down damaged or worn-out cell parts

Centrosome and Centrioles Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes Centrioles help divide DNA. Centrosomes make microtubles which make spindle fibers Centrioles form cilia and flagella

Plant cells Have TWO features Animal Cells Do Not Cell wall - Provides rigid support Cholorplasts - convert solar energy to chemical energy