Figure 1. Distribution of pelagic fish stocks.

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Figure 1. Distribution of pelagic fish stocks. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 2. (a) Indicator 1.1. The proportion of six CS pelagic stocks that fall within B<sub>lim</sub> and B<sub>pa</sub> reference points. (b) Indicator 1.1. The proportion of five North Sea pelagic stocks that fall within B<sub>lim</sub> and B<sub>pa</sub> reference points. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 3. (a) Indicator 1.2. Average of F/F<sub>msy</sub> values for six CS pelagic fish stocks. (b) Indicator 1.2. Average of F/F<sub>msy</sub> values for five North Sea pelagic fish stocks. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 4. (a) Upper panel: Indicator 2. 1 Figure 4. (a) Upper panel: Indicator 2.1. Time-series of TSB for six pelagic stocks in the CS and an overall summed TSB series. Two potential target values are shown: the sum of the B<sub>pa</sub> and B<sub>lim</sub> reference points across all six stocks (converted using log linear relationship between SSB and TSB). Stocks are VIa herring (6aher), Celtic Sea herring (CSher), Irish Sea herring (ISher), blue whiting (bw), horse mackerel (hom), and mackerel (mac). Lower panel: Indicator 2.2. Time-series of summed TSB and TSB-weighted mean F<sub>bar</sub>. The dashed green line is the sum of B<sub>pa</sub> values across all stocks (converted for TSB); the solid green line is the mean of F<sub>msy</sub>. (b) Upper panel: Indicator 2.1. Time-series of TSB for five pelagic stocks in the North Sea and an overall summed TSB series. Two potential target values are shown: the sum of the B<sub>pa</sub> and B<sub>lim</sub> reference points across all three stocks (converted using linear relationship between SSB and TSB). Stocks are herring and sprat, and three sandeel stocks. Lower panel: Indicator 2.2. Time-series of summed TSB and TSB-weighted mean F<sub>bar</sub>. The dashed green line is the sum of B<sub>pa</sub> values across all stocks (converted for TSB); the solid green line is the mean of F<sub>msy</sub>. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 5. (a) Indicator 2.3. Biomass (TSB) of small pelagic fish by feeding guild in the CS. Guild allocation is species and length based such that individuals of predatory species below the length at piscivory (mackerel = 25 cm and horse mackerel = 25 cm, Cabral and Murta, 2002) are included in the planktivore component. Herring and blue whiting are considered completely planktivorous. (b) Indicator 2.3. Biomass (TSB) of small pelagic fish by feeding guild in the North Sea. Guild allocation is species-based because no strong ontogenetic shift in diet is anticipated. All three species are considered largely planktivorous but sandeels are considered to represent a somewhat different prey form. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 6. (a). Indicator 3.1. Number of individuals of six CS migratory pelagic fish stocks that are ≥(age at maturity + 1). Horizontal green lines are proposed precautionary reference levels (minimum observed number N<sub>min</sub> + 0.5 s.d.). (b) Indicator 3.1. Number of individuals of North Sea sprat and herring stocks that are ≥(age at maturity + 1). Horizontal green lines are proposed precautionary reference levels (minimum observed value N<sub>min</sub> + 0.5 s.d.). (c) Indicator 3.2. Proportion of Celtic Sea stocks for which number of old fish is greater than their respective stock reference point. (d) Indicator 3.2. Proportion of two North Sea stocks for which number of old fish is greater than their respective stock reference point. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Figure 7. (a) Indicator 4.1. Average weight anomaly for six Celtic Sea pelagic fish stocks. All stocks are included in each year. BW ages 3–8. HOM ages 3–9. CS HER ages 2–5. VIaN HER ages 2–7. MAC ages 3–10. Irish Sea HER ages 2–7. (b) Indicator 4.1. Average weight anomaly for five North Sea pelagic fish stocks. All stocks are included in each year. From: Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71(7):1572-1585. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu005 ICES J Mar Sci | © International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2014. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com