Final Review for 2D Design

Elements of Art Little Shannon Forgot To Vacuum Some Crumbs! Line – is defined as a mark with length and direction, created by a point that moves across a surface Shape– is a flat figure created when actual or implied lines meet to surround a space. Shapes may be geometric or organic Form – is any three-dimensional object Texture – the way a surface feels (actual texture) or how it may look (implied texture). Value – The range of light and dark on a shape or form or in an entire space. Value is the amount of lightness or darkness in a color Space (positive and negative) - the empty or open area between, around, above, below, or within objects Color – The perceived character of a surface according to the wavelength of light reflected from it

Principles of Design Balance – is a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc.  Balance can be symmetrical or evenly balanced or asymmetrical and un-evenly balanced. Asymmetrical is a type of balance in which both sides of a composition are balanced yet different. Symmetrical - A type of balance in which both sides of a composition are the same. Rhythm – the repeated use of similar elements such as color, line, or shape - the smooth transition from one part to another Unity – is the harmony of all visual elements in a composition Contrast – shows difference between the elements of art, which are: line, color, shape, value, space, and texture Emphasis - is given to a center of interest, which might be the largest, brightest, or lightest subject. Other terms that mean emphasis are Dominance and Focal Point

Color Color Wheel – The circular chart used to remember color relationships Analogous – three colors that are adjacent or next to one another on a color wheel Cool Colors – Blue, green, violet: colors that represent cold things ie ice, water etc… Warm Colors – Yellow, red, orange; colors that represent warm things ie fire, sun etc… Complimentary – colors directly opposite another on a color wheel and providing the greatest chromatic contrast to it

Color cont. Triad Color Scheme – A color scheme in which 3 colors of equidistant distribution on the color wheel are used, The color plan of red, yellow and blue is an example of a triad color schemes Primary Colors – are colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors Secondary Colors – a color produced by mixing two primary colors in equal proportions Tertiary Colors – is a color made by mixing one primary color with one secondary color Monochromatic – This color scheme involves the use of only one hue. The hue can vary in value, and black or white may be added to create various shades or tints Intensity – the brightness or dullness of a color Shade – a color which has been mixed with black; has a darker value Tint – color which has been mixed with white; has a lighter value Neutrals – Colors that go with all color plans-- white, black, gray and brown

Basic Art Terms Landscapes – A painting, drawing, photograph, etc of outdoor scenery Portraits – When the subject of a work of art is a person’s face Self- Portraits – When an artist poses for their own portrait Caricature – a portrait that exaggerates or distorts the essence of a person or thing to create an easily identifiable visual likeness Horizontal – holding your paper or canvas long ways Vertical – holding your paper or canvas up and down Midtone – the shade or color of a form without adding a dark or light Dark – the area of a form that is not exposed to light Highlight – the lightest spot or area Shadow – a dark figure or image cast on the ground or some surface by a body intercepting light Light Source – where the light in a drawing or painting is coming from

Basic Art Terms Cont. Gradation – a shading technique that has gradual passing from one tint or shade to another Stippling – a shading technique using small dots to create values Hatching – a shading technique in which fine lines are drawn close together Cross Hatching – a shading technique that uses two series of parallel lines that intersect Color Scheme – A plan for selecting colors for a composition Contrast – shows difference between the elements of art, which are: line, color, shape, value, space, and texture Opaque – Cannot see through Transparent – Can see through

Light Source Highlight Midtone Dark Shadow Gradation Stippling Hatching Cross Hatching

Basic Art Terms cont. One Point Perspective – A system of spatial illusion in 2D art that is based on the convergence of parallel lines to a common vanishing point on the horizon line Two Point Perspective – A system of spatial illusion in 2D art that is based on the convergence of parallel lines to two vanishing points on the horizon line Vanishing Point – all lines lead to this point which may be on or off the canvas Horizon Line – An imaginary line, where the sky meets the ground at eye level Receding Lines – The lines used in perspective that slope backward to the vanishing point(s) Gesture Drawing – Quick sketches that show movement. Warm up sketches Blind Contour Line Drawing – Long, continuous, concentrated drawing following the contours of a figure without lifting the pencil or looking at the paper. Figure Drawing – Drawing from a model traditionally using compressed and vine charcoal. Still Life –A drawing, painting, or photograph of inanimate objects in an artificial setting.

Material Watercolor – Translucent pigment activated by water. Can be in a tray or a tube. Acrylic Paint – Plastic based paint developed in the 50s. Dries quickly and can be layer for thick texture. Chalk Pastels – Dusty material that blends well. Oil Pastels – Oil based material that has rich color and blends well. Hot Press Illustration Board – Material that can be used with dry and wet mediums; smooth little texture Cold Press Illustration Board – Material that can be used with dry and wet mediums; rough with texture Xacto Knife – Sharp blade used for detailed cutting Mat Knife – Box cutter or utility knife used for cutting mat boards Joint Compound/Spackle – Thick paste that can create texture on canvas or illustration board. Watercolor Brush – Fluffy brush that is meant to absorb water Acrylic Brush –Stiffer brush strong enough to push paint around Palette – Could be plastic, metal, wax paper but it is meant to have paint on it and mix colors on before they are applied to the canvas/board/paper.

Artists/Genres Abstract Art – In general, there are two types of abstract paintings. The first type of abstract painting portrays objects that have been "abstracted" (taken) from nature. Although what you see may not look realistic, it is close enough that you can, at least, get an idea of what you are looking at. A second type of abstract painting, sometimes referred to as "pure" abstract art, is even more obtuse. Such paintings do not reflect any form of conventional reality: all you see are shapes, colors, lines, patterns, and so on. Romanticism – Second half of the 18th century in Europe. Validated strong emotion and expression through the use of color. Francisco Goya – Spanish painter. Lost hearing from illness and became deaf. Went mad and painted all over the walls in his home not intended to be seen by the public eye. Saturn Devouring His Son 1819-1823, Oil, 143 cm X 81 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid –

Artists/Genres cont. Henri Fuseli – British painter, was denied by his love and was said to have painted her in The Nightmare as the woman. The Nightmare 1781. Oil on Canvas 101.6 cm X 127 cm Detroit Institute of Arts – Represents folklore. Portrays feeling of dread and helplessness. Leonardo da Vinci – 1452-1519 Mona Lisa 1503-1506, Oil on poplar, 30 in x 21 in, Museum du Louvre, Paris – The most famous portrait in the world. The woman in the painting was Lisa del Giocondo This was a commissioned by her husband Francesco del Giocondo in celebration of the birth of their second child. There was a thin veil around her shoulders that was just recently discovered in the painting. This veil represented either pregnancy or recently giving birth. The painting is widely known for the smile.