Chapter 10.2 Building a Muslim Empire OBJECTIVE To learn about where Islam spread—Middle East and North Africa—after Mohammad’s death and About the 2 main sects of Islam: Sunni and Shia (Shiite)

This is important b/c…. As it grew, Islam became more influential. There is conflict btwn the branches of Islam: Sunni and Shiites.

Chapter 10 vocab Kaaba 1 Quran 1 mosque 1 Hajj 1 jihad 1 Sharia 1 caliph 2 Minarets 2 Calligraphy 3 Taj Mahal 4

Focus Q: Nov. 14 Are family Holiday gatherings fun? What are the best/worst things about them? How will you organize them when you are an adult?

Focus Q: Nov. 17 What are the 5 pillars of Islam? Which would be the easiest for you to comply with? The hardest? Why?

Abu Bakr—Mohammad’s father-in-law 1st ***Caliph: successor to Mohammad*** Main leader of Muslims “if you worship Mohammad, Mohammad is dead. If you worship God, God is alive”

Arabs Unite Under Islam After several battles, Abu Bakr unites many Arab tribes based on their loyalty to Islam, not a person, leader, etc. Are united under 1 leader, the Caliph convert the remaining Arab tribes to Islam This ends fighting among Arabs Conquer much of Byzantine Empire and Persian (Iran) Empire entirely

The Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice. No priesthood. Teaches equality. Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes. Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Divisions: Sunnis and Shias Who will be the Muslim leader? Shiites: must be a descendant of Ali (son-in-law) and Fatima Sunnis: any pious Muslim male from Mohammad’s tribe

***descendant of Ali (son-in-law)*** and Fatima Shiites: 10-15% Leader must be a ***descendant of Ali (son-in-law)*** and Fatima 2. These people, called Imams, are divinely inspired religious leaders Can interpret the Quran and Mohammad’s actions Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen

Sunnis: 90% Leader can be any pious Muslim male from Mohammad’s tribe Called a Caliph (successor) Is a political leader of the religious community Not divine, inspiration comes from Mohammad’s example

Sunni and Shiite Schism Conflict continues btwn them today 85-90% of Muslims are Sunni Most Shiites live in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen

How do you read this map?

Laugh with me…… What do you call the soft tissue between a shark's teeth? The slow swimmer. What are mixed feelings? Watching your mother-in-law backing up towards the edge of a cliff in your new BMW.

Sufis ***mystics who sought communion w/God through meditation and fasting*** Iike Christian Monks or Nuns, help spread Islam In both Sunni and Shiite branches

form of Sama, physically active meditation Sufis dancing

Whirling Dervish

Umayyads (Sunni) After Ali dies, Umayyad Caliphate rules until 750 ***Capital is in Damascus, Syria*** Extend Arab rule to Spain, North Africa, India Moved into France, defeated at the Battle of Tours—no further European advancement

Umayyads (Sunni) ***Reasons for success: Persians, Byzantines are weak*** Also, camel and horse cavalry—aggressive, mobile—hard to stop

Conquered people treated fairly ***Muslim leaders impose a tax on non-Muslims*** Allow Christians, Jews and others to practice their religion and follow their own laws Prohibit looting, destruction of conquered lands—Why is this wise? Will have $ for tribute, taxes

Conquered people treated fairly Many non-Muslims convert for a variety of reasons Islam has no hierarchy or class of priests ***In theory, it emphasizes the equality of all people*** Can you think of exceptions to this?

Decline of Umayyads Difficult to manage a larger empire Lots of $ flows in—when conquests stop—economic tensions begin ***many Muslims criticize the luxurious lifestyle of Caliphs at Damascus***, different than earlier Caliphs Non-Arab converts have fewer rights than Arabs

10.2 Left Side Make a Venn diagram comparing Sunni and Shiite Muslims Then draw 1 picture that represents Sunni’s and 1 picture that represents Shiite’s. Color