Southeast Asia Geography Part II: Resources and Economy What is one of the most important factors in a successful society/clan/nation?

Agriculture Main source of livelihood in SE Asia Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam depend on agriculture Rice is the chief crop in these places, like almost every SE Asian nation

Mountain

Terraced Farming Terrace: a piece of sloped plan that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms Farming: The activity or business of growing crops Terrace Farming: Used to grow crops in hilly or mountainous area. Decreases erosion and surface runoff, helps with irrigation.

Rice Feed the people and is exported. 1/3 of world’s rice is grown in the river deltas of the mainland Proverbs “Don’t let the rice fields lay fallow” and “An inch of soil is an inch of gold”

Rice American Proverbs (in comparison): “If you give someone an inch, they will take a mile” and “All’s fair in love and war” Two kinds of rice: Wet Rice and Dry Rice

Rice Wet Rice Requires flat land and large amounts of water Farmers soak the rice fields with water before planning the seedlings Rice remains underwater until almost harvest time

Rice Dry Rice Farmers burn brush and small trees on a few acres of land They plant the rice in the ash covered soil The first year crop is very good Wears out the soil quickly, farms move to new areas as land renews Considered wasteful and “slash and burn”

Lumber Myanmar is heavily forested and produces much of the worlds teak Yellowish-brown wood valued for its durability Causing rapid deforestation DEBATE!!!!!!

What Are We Arguing Here? The income is needed from exporting lumber Vs. The destruction of the rain forests is taking a huge toll Logging threatens the environment and destroys the cultures of people who have lived in the forests for centuries

Other Cash Crops Coffee, tea, coconuts, spices, and rubber Corn, peanuts, and sweet potatoes Copra (dried coconut meat): Important source of oil, soap, and margarine

Industry Industry lacks in part due to the Vietnam War Roads and factories destroyed, refugees fled war-torn nations, political turmoil blocked growth Vietnam itself, however, has recovered from the war, built industry, and sought foreign investment and trade

Industry Industrialization started in the 1960s How does Industrialization affect cities?

Jakarta Slum Difficult to provide adequate housing for thousands who move to the city to seek factory jobs

Developed Economies Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand Members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Economic alliance that promotes economic growth and peace in the region

Industry Revolves around processing food that is grown in the area Textiles Electronic Products Service Industry (Singapore is third highest rated global financial center, under New York and London)

Natural Resources Rich in natural resources Energy and mining are significant Brunei= petroleum and natural gas reserves Indonesia= oil and natural gas

Natural Resources ½ of world’s tin (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand) Aluminum and Nickel Fishing (protein)

Trade Growth Triangle: Linking of production in growth centers of three countries to achieve benefits for all (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia) Small islands specialize, encourages trade and alliances Forced to develop transportation systems overseas

Review Questions What is a Growth Triangle and how is it beneficial? What is ASEAN? How does industrialization affect cities? Why has industrialization been slow to begin in some SE Asian nations? How does deforestation affect SE Asian nations like Myanmar? What is Copra?

Review Questions What is the difference between wet rice and dry rice? What is terraced farming? Identify Mainland Southeast Asia Identify Island/Maritime Southeast Asia Identify the Ring of Fire Define Archipelago What are the two dominant Tropical Climates of SE Asia?

Answers An increasingly popular economic development concept along the western Pacific Rim, especially in Southeast Asia. It involves the linking of production in growth centers of three countries to achieve benefits for all Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Economic and military alliance that promotes economic growth and peace in the region Populations in cities boom, without adequate city planning, infrastructure (plumbing, paved roads, electricity, housing, etc), or available jobs, industrialization can lead to homelessness, disease (from too many people not receiving adequate health care), but also helps update cities and brings in money

Answers Vietnam War destroyed roads and factories, thousands of refugees fled from the war-torn nations, which reduced the work force, political turmoil has blocked growth Supports economy, but destroys rain forest, threatens environment, and displaces people and cultures that have lived in heavily forested areas Dried coconut meat used for oil, soap, and margarine

Answers Wet rice is a method of growing rice that has the farmers soaking the rice paddies (fields) and then planting the seedlings, allowing the rice paddies to grow underwater until almost harvest. Dry rice is a method of growing that involves burning the vegetation in a field in order to produce ash that will nourish the soil. Then the farmers plant in the soil. Altering mountains or hills to be a series of flat steps, similar to a staircase, in which farmers are able to grow on each step

Answers Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Answers Malaysia Brunei Singapore Indonesia and the Philippines

Answers Line of volcanoes around the pacific ocean Chain of islands Tropical Wet (Year- Round Rain) and Tropical Wet and Dry (Monsoon season)