05/15/17- Monday Standard: 7.3 Describe major shifts in world geopolitics between 1900 and 1945, including the changing role of the United States in international affairs and the move from isolationism to an increased role as a world power. Objective: I can analyze United States involvement in World War I and describe the effects of war. BR: Look up the definition of rationing in section 3. What things would you find most difficult to have rationed? Why?

The Gallipoli Campaign War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign • Allies move to capture Ottoman Dardanelles strait in February 1915 • Hope to defeat Ottoman Empire, a Central Power, and open a supply line through region to Russia to ship Russia supplies • Effort ends in costly Allied defeat—another stalemate with trenches Continued . . . NEXT

War Affects the World Continued . . . NEXT

Battles in Africa and Asia • Allies take control of German holdings in Asia, Africa • Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in war effort

British Sikh Mountain Gunners from India 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916 Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi from India Revered the world over for his nonviolent philosophy of passive resistance, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was known to his many followers as Mahatma, or "the great-souled one." He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early 1900s, and in the years following World War I became the leading figure in India's struggle to gain independence from Great Britain. He decided to support Indian participation in WWI to try to gain independence from Britain. After a very long struggle, India gained independence in 1947.

Why did the allies want to establish a supply to Russia? Why do you think these countries used their colonies?

America Joins the Fight continued War Affects the World America Joins the Fight • Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain • Uses unrestricted submarine warfare-ships sunk without warning • Germany sinks Lusitania (128 US citizens) & angers U.S. President Wilson • Germany renews unrestricted policy in 1917—sinks subs • Ignoring US warnings and effort to enlist Mexico anger U.S. with the “Zimmerman Telegram” • U.S. declares war against Germany in April 1917, joining Allies NEXT

continued War Affects the World NEXT

Governments Wage Total War War Affects the Home Front Governments Wage Total War • World War I becomes total war—nations devote all resources to war • Governments take control of economy to produce war goods • Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of war-related goods • Propaganda—one-sided information to build morale, support for war Women and the War • At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men • Many women also experience the war by working as nurses NEXT

War Affects the Home Front NEXT

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

Beginnings of the Russian Revolution…That’s another lesson The Allies Win the War Russia Withdraws • Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar Nicholas to step down from throne in 1917 • Communists soon take control of Russia’s government Vladimir Lenin takes the lead & Russia signs treaty with Germany in March 1918 pulling out of war Czar Nicholas Vladimir Lenin Beginnings of the Russian Revolution…That’s another lesson NEXT

The Armistice is Signed! The Central Powers Collapse • With Russia gone, Germany moves its soldiers to the Western Front against France • Engage in major fighting but didn’t anticipate the 2 million fresh American troops and supplies; Allies forced Germans to retreat • Allies win war; armistice—end of fighting—signed in November 1918 The Armistice is Signed! 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed! 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

What did the Russian Revolution have to do with the war? How did the surrender of the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the revolution in Austria-Hungary lead to the end of World War I?

• War takes heavy toll: 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded The Legacy of the War A High Price • War takes heavy toll: 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded • War devastates European economies, drains national treasuries • Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns destroyed • Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected in the arts NEXT

The Legacy of the War NEXT

“A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

Create a propaganda poster or commercial for TV supporting the US war effort that maintains morale for the war with people at home in USA.

29.3 page 851 Answers only! Turn into your box. How did the Zimmerman Note draw America into the war? Why did wartime governments take control of their countries’ economies? How did total war lead to rationing? What did Germany hope to do when they returned to their policy of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917? Why was WWI called a “Total War?” What was the system of rationing designed to limit? What was the purpose of propaganda? What brought an actual end to WWI? Why did Russia withdraw from WWI? Why did the US enter WWI?