Great (Western) Schism CAUSES EVENT EFFECTS Bubonic Plague End of Medieval Europe Crusades: 1096-1204 Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 Great (Western) Schism

The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453

Causes The Hundred Years War began over: 1. Land disputes in NW France 2. English claimed the throne of France

Causes 3. Most of the war is fought on French soil – but the English dominated Major battles: Battle of Crecy (1346) & Battle of Agincourt (1415)

Event 1. France V England, France wins

2. Joan of Arc 17 year old peasant Message from God to help return French king to the throne By 1429: led army to victory at Orleans As a result, French king restored to throne Later captured and executed as a witch by the English French pushed English out of France by 1453

Negative Effects 1. Trade and agriculture stopped during fighting in France 2. Both countries in debt Slowed growth of culture England enters into a civil war for 30 years

Positive Effects 1 French unity 2 Decline of feudalism

3 New weapons changed warfare: Longbow: Could pierce armor; knights less effective Cannon: Less hand to hand combat

The Great (Western) Schism Corruption in the Catholic Church

Remember: The Role of the Medieval Church Each territory in medieval Europe had a church which provided order on the manor Remember: The Role of the Medieval Church Priests controlled peoples’ access to heaven by delivering the sacraments & absolving sins Peasants’ lives were hard, but the hope of a salvation in heaven kept them loyal & obedient the Church Medieval Christians’ everyday lives were harsh. Still, they could all follow the same path to salvation—everlasting life in heaven. Priests and other clergy administered the sacraments, or important religious ceremonies. These rites paved the way for achieving salvation. For example, through the sacrament of baptism, people became part of the Christian community. At the local level, the village church was a unifying force in the lives of most people. It served as a religious and social center. People worshiped together at the church. They also met with other villagers. Religious holidays, especially Christmas and Easter, were occasions for festive celebrations. Christians paid a tax to the church called a tithe Local priests were the main contact most people had with the Catholic Church

Causes Corruption in the Catholic Church Popes used the threat of excommunication to force kings to obey the Church Many priests were illiterate Many clergy broke their vows of chastity Some officials led lives of luxury and leisure

Causes Forms of corruption – some clergy: Charged repentant Christians to go on pilgrimages Sold church offices to the highest bidder (simony) Sold indulgences – pay the Church and you won’t get punished

Pope’s palace in Avignon, France Causes Babylonian Captivity (1305-1375) – French kidnapped popes and kept them in France French king fought with the pope over his power to tax the clergy 1296- Pope was replaced with a French Pope Seven popes rule the Church from France Many Christians felt these popes were under the control of the French king A French bishop (Bishop of Bordeaux) was elected pope, but didn’t want to relocate to Rome Pope’s palace in Avignon, France

Event Rome Avignon 1376: Pope moved back to Rome French cardinals elect new pope 2 popes claiming to be the rightful pope One in Rome, one in Avignon France Rome In 1378, a mob attacked the College of Cardinals & forced them to elect a Roman pope. This new pope was domineering, so the cardinals said the first election was invalid because they were “under duress” so they elected a Frenchmen  2 popes Avignon

Effects Many Christians questioned the authority of the Church Disagreements about politics, not doctrine – was an internal struggle for power and control The Catholic Church lost credibility with the people of Europe The Church is expected to handle spiritual matters, not political