The Biosphere Chapter 8 p. 252-286.

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Presentation transcript:

The Biosphere Chapter 8 p. 252-286

What is the biosphere? Layer around the Earth containing all living organisms Includes: 1) Lithosphere (solid layer)

3) Atmosphere (layer of air) 2) Hydrosphere (water layer) 3) Atmosphere (layer of air)

Biogeochemical Cycles Set of processes allowing recycling of elements Three types: Biological (respiration, digestion) Geological (rock erosion, sedimentation) Chemical (combustion, synthesis)

The Carbon Cycle Carbon is a basic building block of life, it is present everywhere Carbon is exchanged between living and dead organisms, atmosphere, ocean, rock , soil, etc. Human impact: Burning fossil fuels = more CO2 and CH4 in atmosphere More CO2 and CH4 in atmosphere = global warming

How does the Carbon cycle work? Photosynthesis: plants capture CO2 in atmosphere and convert it to glucose Ingestion: animals eat plants or other animals

Respiration: organisms breathe, release CO2 Decomposition of waste: bacteria release CO2, CH4

Forest fires release CO2 CO2 reacts with water to form CO3, this makes shells and skeletons of marine creatures When marine organisms die, shells sink to ocean floor and form carbonate rock

Volcanic eruptions release CO2 Fossil fuels created (coal and oil) from carbon sediment

The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle All living organisms need nitrogen but most can’t use N2, which is most abundant Bacteria convert N2 into usable forms (NH3, NH4, NO2, NO3) This occurs in lithosphere and hydrosphere Human impact: Too much fertilizer and factory waste water Serious effects on plant growth

How it works: Nitrogen fixation: bacteria in soil and water convert nitrogen to NH3, NH4 Nitrification: bacteria convert NH3, NH4 to NO2 then NO3

Nitrogen absorption: animals eat plants or other animals Decomposition of waste: fungi and bacteria break down nitrogen to usable forms Denitrification: bacteria convert some forms back to N2, goes back into atmosphere

The Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus is important to all living organisms Human impact: Too much phosphate (PO4) in fertilizers, soaps, detergents Speeds up algal growth, causes eutrophication (early aging of lakes)

How it works Erosion: wind and rain wear away rock Absorption: animals eat plants or other animals Decomposition: animal and plant waste releases PO4 Growth of plankton and sedimentation: PO4 in ocean promotes growth of plankton, sinks to bottom to form rock.

The Phosphorus cycle