Animal and Plant Cells and organelles

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Nucleus control center of the cell

Nuclear Membrane the structure that surrounds the nucleus and controls what goes into or out of the nucleus

DNA and chromosomes structures inside the nucleus that store genetic information, which is information passed on from one generation to the next

Cell Membrane controls what goes into and out of a cell

Cytoplasm a thick gel-like substance that surrounds and supports the organelles inside the cell

organelles structures inside a cell

ribosomes organelles that produce proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) a system of membranes and sacs that can move materials from one part of the cell to another

Golgi bodies/apparatus/complex a system of membranes which changes, supports, and packages the proteins to be stored in the cell or secreted out of the cell

Lysosomes an organelle filled with enzymes that can digest organic compounds

Mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell which releases energy from food

Vacuole a saclike structure that stores water or wastes

Cell wall a stiff outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell

Chloroplast organelles which use the energy from the sun to make food for plants

DNA and chromosomes Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi bodies Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Mitochondria Lysosome Vacuole Cell Membrane

Nuclear Membrane DNA and chromosomes Nucleus Lysosome Golgi bodies Cytoplasm Vacuole Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria ribosomes Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell wall

Vacuoles Storage container for water, food, and wastes Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than they are in animal cells The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

Differences in Cells Usually the shape of a cell is related to its function (job) Plant cells have a boxlike shape and animal cells do not have a particular shape Plant cells have some structures that animal cells do not – cell wall and chloroplasts A plant cell usually has one large vacuole and an animal cell usually has several small ones You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

Review Which organelle directs all cell activities? Nucleus Which organelle controls what goes into or out of the cell? Cell membrane Which organelle controls what goes into and out of the nucleus? Nuclear membrane What substance contains the instructions for everything the cell does? DNA You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.

Ribosome Smallest and most abundant organelles Makes proteins Proteins are very important for many of the cell’s activities A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.

Cell Organelles the parts inside a cell they carry out functions (jobs) inside the cell You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

Cell Membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell Controls what goes into or out of the cell Protects and supports the cell Emphasize word parts here: phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail bi= 2

Nucleus “Control center of the cell” - Directs all cell activities Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope Cells with a nucleus (plant cells and animal cells) are called eukaryotes and those without a nucleus (bacteria) are called prokaryotes Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

Inside the Nucleus Chromosomes – structures in the nucleus made of DNA DNA – long, threadlike, material that contains the instructions for everything the cell does Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

Cell Wall Found only in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier that protects and supports the cell Found outside of the cell membrane of plant and bacterial cells This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

Chloroplast Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.