Does The Evidence Support Evolution? “More than a century ago, Darwin and Huxley posited that humans share recent common ancestors with the African great apes. Modern molecular studies have spectacularly confirmed this prediction…” 2005

Evolution is Testable Human & Ape Chromosome Numbers 1980: Banding patterns of humans and chimpanzees match. 1961: Gorilla and orangutan chromosome numbers are 48. 1982: Telomeres in middle of human chromosome 2. 1975: Detailed analysis confirms common ancestry. 1960: Chimpanzee chromosome number is 48. 1958: Human chromosome number is 46. 1961 Gorilla and orangutan chromosome numbers are 48. 1980 Banding patterns of humans and chimpanzees match. 1975 Detailed analysis confirms common ancestry. 1982 Telomeres in the middle of human chromosome 2. 1958 Human chromosome number is 46. 1960 Chimpanzee chromosome number is 48. centromere telomeres Hypothesis: Human chromosome 2 resulted from the fusion of two chromosomes present in the common ancestor of humans and the other great apes. 48 Orangutan Gorilla Chimpanzee 46 Human

Evolution is Testable Human & Ape Chromosome Numbers 1991: Sub-telomeric sequence confirmed. 2005: Chimpanzee genome sequenced. 2002: Precise fusion point sequenced. 1992: Second centromere discovered. 1961 Gorilla and orangutan chromosome numbers are 48. 1980 Banding patterns of humans and chimpanzees match. 1975 Detailed analysis confirms common ancestry. 1982 Telomeres in the middle of human chromosome 2. 2005 Chimpanzee genome sequenced. 1958 Human chromosome number is 46. 1960 Chimpanzee chromosome number is 48. 1992 Second centromere discovered. 1991 Sub-telomeric sequence confirmed. 2002 Precise fusion point sequenced. centromere telomeres

48 chromosomes 46 chromosomes fusion 48 chromosomes

48 47 fusion Adult with 48 chromosomes 24 chromosomes: “ape” haploid number 23 chromosomes: “human” haploid number

47 24 23 48 47 24 48 48 47

1st Order Inbreeding 24 23 48 47 47 24 23 47 46 47

1st Order Inbreeding 23 46 46 23 46 46 46 46

47 48 46 46