Altmetric Indicators vs. Bibliometric Indicators Fereshteh Didegah, Kim Holmberg, and Timothy D. Bowman Research Unit for the Sociology of Education, University of Turku Fereshteh.Didegah@utu.fi

Bibliometric indicators Number of publications Number of citations Publication venues: Journal Impact Factor Author reputation: H-index

Number of publications Problem: No indication of the influence of the work

Citations ≠ Quality

Journal Impact Factor Problems: Limited to the citable documents (i.e. articles, notes and reviews) Not considering different citation behaviours across subject domains (Moed & Van Leeuwen, 1995)

H-index Problems: Very strong correlation with the number of publications Its dependency on the scholar’s research age

Normalized indicators Number of citations / Number of expected citations Crown indicator: Normalized indicator by subject field and year of publication

Alternative Metrics or Altmetrics

Publishers and funders use Altmetrics

Altmetrics vs. Citations

The need for more sophisticated altmetric indicators Can a single altmetric indicator represent many types of impact?

Constructing a Composite Altmetric Indicator 2.Selecting indicators 3.Grouping sub-indicators 4.Normalization 5.Weighting and aggregation 1.Theoretical framework

Categorizing altmetric indicators Snowball metrics (Colledge, 2014): Scholarly activities (Mendeley, CiteULike, …) Scholarly commentaries (F1000, YouTube, …) Social media tools (Twitter, Facebook, ..) Mass media groups (News posts, …)

Categorizing altmetric indicators PLOS Usage: Pdf downloads, PLOS views, … Citations: Scopus, WoS, … Social bookmarking and dissemination activity: Mendeley, … Media and blog coverage: Twitter, blogs, … Discussion activity and ratings: PLOS ratings, comments, …

Categorizing altmetric indicators ImpactStory Recommended: F-1000 Cited: WoS, pubmed Saved: Mendeley, CiteULike Discussed: Blogs, comments Viewed: Pdf downloads

Categorizing altmetric indicators Altmetric.com: Mentioned by: blogs, twitter, Facebook and Wikepedia Read on: Mendeley, Citeulike, and Connotea

Categorizing altmetric indicators Plum Analytics Usage: clicks, downloads, views, library holdings, video plays Captures: bookmarks, code forks, favorites, readers, watchers Mentions: blog posts, comments, reviews, Wikipedia links Social media: likes, shares, tweets Citations: PubMed Central, Scopus, patents

Thanks for your attention! Fereshteh Didegah, Kim Holmberg, and Timothy D. Bowman Research Unit for the Sociology of Education, University of Turku Fereshteh.Didegah@utu.fi; Kim.j.Holmberg@utu.fi; Timothy.Bowman@utu.fi