STUDENT NOTES FOR CH. 9 HIS101

A History of Western Society CHAPTER 9 State and Church in the High Middle Ages, 1000–1300

Charlemagne Characteristics What type of ruler? Conquests? What do to those that he conquered?

The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne (Christmas Day, 800) 1 The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne (Christmas Day, 800) 1. The Unusual Coronation 2. Response to the Coronation 3. Consequences

Political Revival and the Origins of the Modern State. . . In England. . . 1. Viking Invasions 2. Norman Conquest (1066) 3. Domesday Book

In France. . . 1. Primogeniture 2. Prevent problems 3. Centralization

In Central Europe: 1. Otto 2. Holy Roman Empire

In Sicily. . . 1. Roger de Hauteville 2. Multiculturalism 3. Kingdom of the Sicily 4. Frederick II (r. 1212–1250)

In the Iberian Peninsula. . . 1. Christian Conquests 2. Christian Spain 3. Reconquista

Local Laws and Royal Courts 1. France — Parliament of Paris— a royal judicial system which heard appeals from local administrators and feudal courts and published laws from the entire kingdom. 2. Holy Roman Empire — Manorial court — dealt with common conflicts (boundary disputes, trespassing, crop damage, debt) — regional magistrates — dealt with serious criminal cases (theft, rape, assault, homicide) and had the right to execute a criminal. 3. England — Common law — based on precedent — originated in local laws that varied from one region to another — written codes of law played a less important role

Punishment of Adulterers

Law in Everyday Life: 1. Judges — Determined guilt or innocence. 2. Trial by Ordeal — (Either by fire or water — person who sank in water was innocent, while a person who floated was guilty) — relatively rare and declined in frequency. 3. Punishment — Hanging (most common), beheading (for nobles), quartering (for treason or rebellion).

King Versus Archbishop 1. Conflict between Henry II (r. 1154–1189) and Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury) 2. Murder in the Cathedral

The Crusades Background and Motives 1. Contradictions in Church Attitudes Towards Violence 2. Wars to Defend Christianity 3. Pilgrimages The Course of the Crusades (1096–1270) 1. First Crusade (1096) 2. Participation 3. Muslim Responses (1187) 4. Fourth Crusade (1204)

Crusades Within Europe: 1.Teutonic Knights, a military order — Crusades against pagans in the Baltic. 2. Albigensian Crusade (against a religious sect from the city of Albi in southern France that believed in an ongoing battle between good and evil and rejected the authority of the pope) — French forces defeated the Albigensians in 1213. 3. Inquisition — Set up to put an end to remaining heresy.

Consequences of the Crusades 1. Benefits for Kings and Popes — Kings were able to get rid of troublesome knights (usually younger sons who were not allowed to inherit property) — kings and popes expanded their bureaucracies. 2. Economic Benefits — For middle-class creditors and especially Italian merchants. 3. Harm to Interfaith Relations — Crusaders attacked Jewish families and communities, who were prohibited from engaging in any trade with Christians except money-lending — bitterness in Christian-Muslim relations.

The Expansion of Christianity -Northern Europe -Eastern Europe -Christendom